Earth science

Articles about geology, climate, oceans and the planet.

Articles in this category: 823 Updated: April 29, 2026 Page 9 / 18

Lapis lazuli

Laurentia

Laurussia

Laurussia (Euramerica): the Old Red Sandstone continent

Lava

Lava: molten rock that erupts and flows on Earth's surface

Lava dome

Leeward slope

Length of day

Limestone

Limnology

Limonite

Lithosphere

Little Ice Age

Littoral zone

Littoral zone

Littoral zone: shoreward habitats and ecological role

The littoral zone is the nearshore area of seas, lakes and rivers where land and water meet; it includes intertidal areas, supports diverse communities, and plays key ecological an

Live Earth

Live Earth: the 2007 global concert series for climate awareness

Lō'ihi Seamount

Long Valley Caldera

Long Valley Caldera

Longshore drift

Loop Current

Loop Current (Gulf of Mexico): overview, behavior and significance

Low pressure area

Lower Cretaceous

Lower Jurassic

Lower Triassic

Lower Triassic Epoch

Mackenzie Large Igneous Province

Mackenzie Large Igneous Province (MLIP)

Magma

Magma: molten rock beneath Earth's surface

Magnetic pole

Maipo (volcano)

Maipo (volcano) — Andean stratovolcano on the Argentina–Chile border

Manicouagan crater

Manicouagan impact structure (Manicouagan Reservoir)

Mantle

Mantle — Earth layer, ceremonial cloak, and mollusc organ

Marl

Marl: calcareous clay-rich sediment and its rock form marlstone

Massif

Massif: Geologic mountain block formed by crustal uplift

Mauna Kea

Mauna Kea — White Mountain of Hawaii

Mauna Loa

Mediterranean climate

Megathrust earthquake

Meiji Seamount

Meiji Seamount — a flat-topped volcano in the Hawaiian–Emperor chain

Mercalli intensity scale

Mercalli (Modified Mercalli) intensity scale

Mesocyclone

Mesocyclone — rotating updraft in convective storms

Mesoproterozoic

Mesoproterozoic (1.6–1.0 billion years ago)

Mesosphere

Mesosphere: Earth's middle atmospheric layer

Mesozoic

Mesozoic Era: Age of Dinosaurs and the Rise of Modern Vertebrates

Mesozoic marine revolution

Messel pit

Messel Pit: Eocene lagerstätte and fossil treasure of Hesse, Germany

Metamorphic rock

Metamorphic rock: formation, types, and uses

Metamorphism

Metamorphism (Geology): Processes, Types and Importance

Meteorology

Methane hydrate

Methane hydrate

Methane hydrate (methane clathrate)

A crystalline ice-like solid in which methane molecules are trapped within water cages, occurring in marine sediments and permafrost; significant for energy potential and climate i

Micropaleontology

Mid-Continent oil province

Mid‑Continent oil province