River: flow, form, ecology, uses, and management River A river is a natural flowing watercourse shaped by its channel, watershed, and flow regime. This article explains river parts, types, ecological importance, human uses, and common…
River Adur: course, ecology, history and significance River Adur Overview of the River Adur in Sussex, England: its course from the South Downs to Shoreham-by-Sea, natural character, historical use as a harbour, and ecological and recreational i…
River Aire (Yorkshire, England) River Aire The River Aire rises near Malham in the Yorkshire Dales and flows east through Skipton, Keighley, Shipley and Leeds to the Ouse. It influenced industry, navigation and urban rivers…
River Annalee — river in County Cavan, Ireland River Annalee The River Annalee rises at Lough Sillan near Shercock in County Cavan, Ireland. This article summarizes its course, physical character, ecology, human uses and local importance wit…
River Camel — river in north Cornwall, England River Camel The River Camel rises on the edge of Bodmin Moor and flows about 30 miles through north Cornwall to the Atlantic. Its tidal estuary supports wildlife, recreation (sailing, birdwatc…
River Clyde: Scotland's principal west coast river and maritime corridor River Clyde The River Clyde in Scotland flows through Glasgow to the Firth of Clyde. Known in Gaelic as Abhainn Chluaidh, it shaped industry, shipbuilding, transport and urban life and remains…
River Dart (Devon, England) River Dart A river in southwest England rising on Dartmoor, the River Dart flows through deep valleys to Dartmouth and the English Channel; known for its scenic moorland headwaters, tidal est…
River Dee (Aberdeenshire, Scotland) River Dee, Aberdeenshire Overview of the River Dee in Aberdeenshire: its source in the Cairngorms, course through Royal Deeside to Aberdeen and the North Sea, plus ecology, uses and cultural significance.
River delta: formation, types, ecology and human importance River delta An overview of river deltas: how sediment builds triangular landforms at river mouths, common shapes and examples, ecological value, human uses and threats, and how deltas differ f…
River Don Overview of rivers named Don: major examples in Russia, England, Scotland, Canada and elsewhere, their geography, history, uses and the name's likely origin.
River Don (South Yorkshire): course, history, and modern significance River Don, South Yorkshire Overview of the River Don in South Yorkshire: its course from the Pennines to Goole, tributaries, engineering history, industrial impact, ecological recovery, flood management and…
River Exe: course, history, estuary and significance River Exe Overview of the River Exe in Devon, England: its course, estuary (a ria), historical uses including mills and land reclamation, ecology, and links with the city of Exeter.
River Fal — Cornwall's ria and estuary (Carrick Roads) River Fal The River Fal in Cornwall, England, rises on Goss Moor and flows south to Falmouth, forming the Carrick Roads ria. Its tidal estuary supports maritime activity, diverse habitats an…
River Fleet — London's largest subterranean river River Fleet The River Fleet is the largest of the subterranean rivers beneath London, historically flowing from north London into the Thames and now carried in culverts and sewers beneath the…
River Forth (Scotland) River Forth The River Forth rises in Loch Ard and flows east through Stirling to become the Firth of Forth estuary near Edinburgh; important historically, ecologically and for transport and br…
River Fowey — course, landscape, and local significance River Fowey The River Fowey in Cornwall, England: its course from Bodmin Moor to the English Channel, tributaries and catchment, transport corridors, geology, ecology and uses for navigation,…
River Hull A short river in the East Riding of Yorkshire that rises in the Wolds and flows into the Humber at Kingston upon Hull; notable for navigation, movable bridges and urban industrial…
River Humber — the estuary of northeastern England River Humber The River Humber is a large deep-water estuary on England's east coast, formed by the Ouse and Trent. It is a major navigation route, ecological zone and historic boundary between…
River Irwell: course, history, and modern significance River Irwell The River Irwell rises on Deerplay Moor and flows 39 miles through Lancashire and Greater Manchester, passing Manchester and Salford before joining the Mersey; notable for industri…
River Lark A lowland river in eastern England that joins the River Great Ouse; notable for its managed course, ecological value, and history of navigation and land drainage.
River Leam River in central England rising at Hellidon Hill, flowing through Warwickshire (including Leamington Spa) and joining the Warwickshire Avon, a tributary of the River Severn.
River Lee (Lea): course, history, and role in southeast England River Lee The River Lee (also spelled Lea) rises in Luton and flows south to the Thames at Bow Creek. This article covers its course, physical features, human uses, ecology, and notable hist…
River Leen (Nottinghamshire tributary) River Leen A roughly 15-mile tributary of the River Trent flowing through Nottinghamshire and the city of Nottingham, notable for an urban course shaped by industrialisation, culverting, floo…
River Liffey (An Life) — the river through Dublin River Liffey The River Liffey rises in the Wicklow uplands and flows east through Dublin into Dublin Bay. Central to the city's history, water supply, bridges, ecology, recreation and flood man…
River Medway The River Medway is a major southeastern English river rising in the High Weald and flowing ~110 km through Kent to the Thames Estuary; it is tidal downstream of Allington Lock.
River Mersey: geography, history and contemporary significance River Mersey Overview of the River Mersey in northwest England: its course, estuary, industrial and cultural history, ecological importance, and present-day uses.
River mouth: where a river meets another body of water River mouth A river mouth is the downstream end of a river or stream where it empties into another water body. This article explains forms, processes, ecological importance, human uses, and di…
River Ocoa (Dominican Republic) River Ocoa A short river rising on the southern slopes of the Cordillera Central and flowing south to the Caribbean Sea; important locally for irrigation, ecology and regional place names.
River Orwell (Suffolk, England) River Orwell A tidal river and estuary in Suffolk, England, the Orwell begins at Ipswich and flows to the North Sea. It has long been important for shipping, local industry, wildlife and recrea…
River Parrett — course, ecology, history and flood management River Parrett Overview of the River Parrett in Somerset and Dorset: its course, tributaries, tidal reach, wetlands, historical use for navigation and drainage, ecological importance and flood-ma…
River Severn: Britain's longest river — course, history, features and uses River Severn The River Severn is the longest river in Great Britain. This article describes its course from the Cambrian Mountains to the Bristol Channel, major towns and tributaries, the Sever…
River Shannon Major river of Ireland, rising at Shannon Pot and flowing south to the Shannon Estuary at Limerick; important for navigation, ecology, history and as a geographic divide between ea…
River source (headwaters) River source The river source, or headwaters, is the original place a river or stream begins. Covers types (lake, spring, glacier), definitions, measurement challenges, ecological importance an…
River Tamar: Border River of Devon and Cornwall River Tamar Overview of the River Tamar in South West England, its course, tributaries, history as a boundary, bridges, the Tamar Valley AONB, and ecological and cultural significance.
River Tavy — a Dartmoor river in Devon, England River Tavy The River Tavy rises on Dartmoor and flows through Tavistock in Devon, England. A tributary of the Tamar, it shaped local settlements, industry and upland valley habitats and remai…
River Tay (Scotland) River Tay The River Tay is Scotland's longest river, flowing east from the Highlands to the Firth of Tay. Noted for high flow, salmon fishing, and the historic Tay Bridge disaster, it is imp…
River Tees River Tees in northern England: source on Cross Fell, course through Teesdale to the North Sea, notable features (High Force, estuary, Tees Barrage), industrial history, ecology, r…
River Teifi — river of west Wales River Teifi The River Teifi rises above Tregaron and flows west through a largely rural landscape to Cardigan Bay. Noted for good water quality, diverse wildlife and a long coracle-fishing tra…
River Tone (Somerset) — Taunton's river and a Parrett tributary River Tone The River Tone runs through Somerset and the town of Taunton before joining the River Parrett. It shapes local landscape, history, ecology and has been managed for navigation, floo…
River Trent: course, history, ecology and significance River Trent Overview of the River Trent in England: its course from Staffordshire to the Humber, name origin, hydrology, ecology, navigation, flood management and cultural importance.
River Tyne — geography, history, bridges and recreation River Tyne The River Tyne in North East England: its course and tributaries, historic role in industry and ports, notable bridges, recreation and conservation, and cultural importance.
River Wandle — chalk stream of southwest London River Wandle A chalk‑fed tributary of the Thames in south‑west London, the River Wandle is known for its industrial history, ecological recovery, and local conservation efforts along its approx…
River Wear River in northeast England rising at Wearhead, flowing through County Durham and Durham city to the North Sea at Sunderland; known for Durham Cathedral, historic industry and recre…
River Wey (southern England) River Wey A river rising at Alton and flowing through Hampshire, Surrey and West Sussex to meet the Thames near Weybridge. Important for navigation, mills, wildlife and local recreation.
River Wyre The River Wyre is a 28-mile (45 km) river in Lancashire, England, draining to the Irish Sea at Fleetwood. Its estuary and surrounding habitats support wildlife, recreation and loca…
River Yare (Norfolk, England) River Yare An eastward-flowing river in Norfolk that rises near Dereham, skirts Norwich, enters Breydon Water and joins the North Sea at Great Yarmouth; notable for navigation, wildlife and i…
River Yeo (Somerset) — the small river through Yeovil River Yeo River Yeo in Somerset, England: a small lowland river flowing through Yeovil to join the River Parrett, with local historical, ecological and flood-management importance.
River Ystwyth — a west Wales river shaped by landscape and mining River Ystwyth River Ystwyth rises in mid-Wales and flows to Aberystwyth. Known for scenic valleys and legacy metal contamination from historic mines, it remains important for local ecology, heri…
