Earth science
Articles about geology, climate, oceans and the planet.
Extratropical cyclone
Extratropical cyclone: mid-latitude low-pressure systems and their impacts
Extrusion
Extrusion: Geological Eruptions and Industrial Shaping Processes
Eye (cyclone)
Eye of a Tropical Cyclone
Facies
Facies (geology): rock appearance, environments, and stratigraphic significance
Fault (geology)
Geologic fault — fractures and movement in the Earth's crust
Feldspar
Felsic
Felsic: light, silica-rich igneous minerals and rocks
Fezouata Formation
Fissure vent
Fissure vent (volcanic fissure)
Flash flood
Flat Earth
Flat Earth Society
Flint
Flint: Formation, properties, and historical uses
Flint is a hard, silica-rich sedimentary rock (a form of chert) that forms as nodules in chalk and other limestones. It has distinctive fracture, archaeological importance, and var
Flood basalt
Flood basalt (trap) provinces: formation, characteristics, and global significance
Fog
Fog: formation, types, effects, and notable facts
An accessible overview of fog: what it is, how it forms, common types, impacts on visibility and transportation, historical notes, and distinctions from mist and low clouds.
Fold (geology)
Fossil
Fossil: remains, traces, and the science of ancient life
A fossil is the preserved remains or trace of an organism from the geological past. This article explains how fossils form, types, preservation, significance, and how scientists st
Fossil fuel
Fossil water
Fossil water (palaeowater): ancient groundwater and subglacial reserves
Fracture (geology)
Franciscan Assemblage
Franciscan Assemblage (Franciscan Complex) of coastal California
Freezing rain
Freezing rain: formation, hazards, and differences from sleet
Frost
Frost: formation, types, effects on plants and protection
Frost heaving
Fujita scale
Fumarole
Future of the Earth
Future of the Earth: Physical drivers, timelines, and likely outcomes
Gabbro
Gaia hypothesis
Gale
Galena
Gangue
Gangue: Waste Material in Ore Processing
Gangue is the non-valuable mineral matter associated with ore. This article explains its nature, common minerals, role in extraction and processing, environmental issues, and how s
Garibaldi Volcanic Belt
Garibaldi Volcanic Belt: geology, eruptions, hazards and regional significance
Gemology
Gemology: The Science and Practice of Gem Identification and Appraisal
Geochronology
Geoid
Geoid: Earth's equipotential surface and its role in geodesy
Geologic time scale
Geological formation
Geological map
Geological map — definition, components, history and uses
Geology
Geology: study of Earth's materials, processes, and history
Geomagnetic reversal
Geomorphology
Geomorphology: study of landforms and surface processes
Geophone
Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory
Geophysics
Geothermal energy
Geothermal energy: heat from the Earth — uses, methods, and prospects
Geyser
Geyser: erupting hot springs and how they form
Gibbsite
Gibbsite — aluminium hydroxide mineral (Al(OH)3)