Events

Hurricane Epsilon (2005) — late‑season Atlantic hurricane Hurricane Epsilon Late‑season Category 1 hurricane in the central Atlantic during late November–early December 2005. Notable for forming from a non‑tropical low and persisting unusually late in the…

Hurricane Erika (2003) — Gulf of Mexico hurricane near the Texas–Tamaulipas border Hurricane Erika (2003) Overview, meteorological history, impacts and response related to Hurricane Erika (2003), a hurricane that formed in the eastern Gulf of Mexico and struck northeastern Mexico near…

Hurricane Erin (1995): Overview and Impacts Hurricane Erin (1995) A summary of Hurricane Erin, a 1995 Atlantic storm that made two Florida landfalls and affected Alabama; covers track, impacts, aftermath and why the name was not retired.

Hurricane Fabian (2003): Cape Verde storm that struck Bermuda Hurricane Fabian Hurricane Fabian was a Cape Verde–type major hurricane of the 2003 Atlantic season that passed near Bermuda in early September, producing destructive winds, coastal flooding and si…

Hurricane Fifi–Orlene (1974) Hurricane Fifi–Orlene A deadly 1974 tropical cyclone that devastated Honduras as Hurricane Fifi, crossed into the Pacific as Orlene, caused thousands of deaths and widespread destruction across Central…

Hurricane Florence (2006) A Cape Verde–type hurricane in September 2006 that became the first storm since Fabian to produce hurricane-force winds on Bermuda; later transitioned to an extratropical cyclone a…

Hurricane Gustav (2008): overview, course, and impacts Hurricane Gustav Hurricane Gustav was a powerful and destructive storm of the 2008 Atlantic hurricane season that struck Haiti, Cuba and the United States, causing widespread damage and hundreds of…

Hurricane Ike (2008) — overview, impacts, and legacy Hurricane Ike Hurricane Ike was a large, destructive 2008 Atlantic hurricane that caused severe damage across the Caribbean and U.S. Gulf Coast, produced a massive storm surge, and resulted in m…

Hurricane Iniki (1992): Major Pacific storm that struck Hawaii Hurricane Iniki Hurricane Iniki was a powerful September 1992 Pacific hurricane that made landfall on Kauai, causing widespread damage in Hawaii and notable as a rare major hurricane to hit the is…

Hurricane Irene (2011) Hurricane Irene Hurricane Irene was a large 2011 Atlantic hurricane that reached Category 3. It affected the Caribbean, the Bahamas, the U.S. East Coast and parts of Canada, causing extensive floo…

Hurricane Iris (2001) Hurricane Iris Powerful Atlantic hurricane in 2001 that struck Belize as a Category 4, weakened rapidly over land, caused significant damage and fatalities, and whose remnants reformed in the Pac…

Hurricane Irma (2017): Category 5 Atlantic storm and its impacts Hurricane Irma Hurricane Irma was a long-lived, powerful Category 5 Atlantic hurricane in 2017 that caused widespread destruction across the Caribbean and Florida. This article summarizes its for…

Hurricane Isaac (2006): late-season Atlantic storm affecting Newfoundland Hurricane Isaac (2006) Overview and meteorological history of Hurricane Isaac (2006), a late-season Category 1 storm that formed in the central Atlantic and brought tropical-storm conditions to Newfoundl…

Hurricane Isabel (2003) Hurricane Isabel Major Atlantic hurricane in September 2003 that struck the U.S. mid‑Atlantic and Outer Banks, causing widespread flooding, power outages and billions in damage.

Hurricane Iwa (1982) — Pacific hurricane that struck Hawaii Hurricane Iwa Hurricane Iwa was a late‑season 1982 Pacific hurricane that passed near Kauai, damaging Niihau, Kauai and Oahu with strong winds, huge waves, destroyed homes and four fatalities.

Hurricane Joan–Miriam (1988) Hurricane Joan–Miriam A powerful late-1988 hurricane that struck Nicaragua’s Caribbean coast as Hurricane Joan, caused more than 200 deaths and extensive damage, then crossed into the eastern Pacific wh…

Hurricane Karl (2010): impact on Veracruz and aftermath Hurricane Karl (2010) Hurricane Karl (2010) was a major Atlantic hurricane that struck eastern Mexico, causing severe flooding. At least 22 fatalities were confirmed and preliminary losses were estimate…

Hurricane Katrina tornado outbreak (August 29–31, 2005) Hurricane Katrina tornado outbreak A series of tornadoes spawned by Hurricane Katrina's outer bands and remnants across the eastern United States from August 29–31, 2005; Georgia suffered the heaviest effects and on…

Hurricane Keith (2000): Belize landfall and impacts in Mexico and Central America Hurricane Keith Hurricane Keith (2000) struck Belize at peak intensity, causing widespread wind, flood and storm-surge damage across Belize, Mexico and Central America, killing 24 and causing abou…

Hurricane Kenneth (2005): strongest Pacific hurricane of 2005 and its Hawaiian impacts Hurricane Kenneth (2005) Hurricane Kenneth was the most intense hurricane of the 2005 Pacific season. Its remnants delivered heavy rains and coastal waves to the Hawaiian Islands, producing flooding and lo…

Hurricane Kyle (2002) A long-lived Atlantic tropical cyclone of 2002 that persisted from late September into October, briefly attained hurricane strength, and made two landfalls in the Carolinas with mo…

Hurricane Matthew (2016) — Category 5 Atlantic storm and regional impacts Hurricane Matthew Powerful late‑September–October 2016 Atlantic hurricane that reached Category 5, devastated parts of the Caribbean—especially Haiti—and produced widespread coastal impacts along th…

Hurricane Odile (September 2014) — impact on Baja California Sur Hurricane Odile Powerful eastern Pacific hurricane in September 2014 that struck Baja California Sur, damaging resorts in Cabo San Lucas, causing fatalities and major economic losses; its name was…

Hurricane Opal (1995): rapid intensification and Gulf Coast landfall Hurricane Opal Hurricane Opal was a powerful 1995 Atlantic hurricane that intensified rapidly in the Gulf of Mexico and struck the Florida Panhandle, producing a large storm surge, widespread dam…

Hurricane Rick (2009) A powerful Category 5 Eastern Pacific hurricane in October 2009 that underwent rapid intensification and ranked among the most intense Pacific storms, prompting coastal warnings an…

Hurricane Rita (2005) — major Atlantic hurricane that struck the U.S. Gulf Coast Hurricane Rita Hurricane Rita was a powerful and destructive 2005 Atlantic hurricane that reached Category 5 intensity and made landfall on the U.S. Gulf Coast as a major hurricane, prompting lar…

Hurricane Sandy (2012): overview, impacts, and legacy Hurricane Sandy (2012) Hurricane Sandy (October 2012) was a vast, destructive storm that struck the Caribbean, the U.S. Mid‑Atlantic and Northeast, and eastern Canada, producing record storm surge, wides…

Hyde Park and Regent's Park bombings (20 July 1982) Hyde Park and Regent's Park bombings Two coordinated bomb attacks in central London on 20 July 1982 struck military ceremonial gatherings in Hyde Park and Regent's Park, killing military personnel and horses and promp…

I Have a Dream (Martin Luther King Jr. speech) I Have a Dream An overview of Martin Luther King Jr.’s 1963 “I Have a Dream” speech: its context, themes, delivery, rhetorical craft, immediate reception and long-term legacy in the U.S. civil ri…

Iberia Airlines Flight 610 — 1985 crash near Bilbao, Spain Iberia Airlines Flight 610 Iberia Flight 610 crashed near Bilbao on 19 February 1985. The Boeing 727-200 was on a Madrid–Bilbao service; all 148 aboard died. Investigators attributed the accident to pilot er…

Iconoclasm: destruction of images, monuments, and cultural symbols Iconoclasm Iconoclasm is the deliberate removal or destruction of cultural symbols — especially images and monuments — typically for religious, political, or social reasons; it has recurred a…

Iditarod Trail Sled Dog Race Iditarod Annual long-distance sled-dog race in Alaska from Anchorage to Nome, testing mushers and teams over roughly 1,000 miles along the historic Iditarod Trail.

Impeachment inquiry against Donald Trump (2019–2020) Impeachment inquiry against Donald Trump A neutral account of the 2019–2020 congressional impeachment inquiry into President Donald Trump: origins, key actors, congressional steps, votes and political significance.

Impeachment of Bill Clinton The 1998–1999 impeachment of President Bill Clinton: origins in the Paula Jones case, House proceedings, Senate trial and acquittal, legal issues, and political consequences.

Impeachment process against Richard Nixon The 1973–74 House of Representatives inquiry and Judiciary Committee proceedings into President Nixon's role in the Watergate affair, which produced articles of impeachment before…

Inauguration: ceremonial beginning of office or opening of public works Inauguration An inauguration is a formal public ceremony that marks the start of a person’s term in office or the opening of a building or infrastructure; it combines legal act, ritual, symboli…

Inauguration of Donald Trump (January 20, 2017) Inauguration of Donald Trump Ceremony marking the start of Donald Trump's presidency on January 20, 2017: location, oaths, inaugural address, attendees, protests, and the political and logistical context.

Inauguration of George H. W. Bush (January 20, 1989) Inauguration of George H. W. Bush Details of the January 20, 1989 inauguration of George H. W. Bush: ceremony, oath, themes of the inaugural address, and ceremonial events marking the start of his presidency.

Inauguration of Gerald Ford (August 9, 1974) Inauguration of Gerald Ford Account of Gerald Ford's inauguration after Richard Nixon's resignation, the oath in the White House East Room, constitutional context, and the event's significance for presidentia…

Inauguration of Jimmy Carter (January 20, 1977) Inauguration of Jimmy Carter The swearing-in ceremony on January 20, 1977, that began Jimmy Carter's presidency and Walter Mondale's vice presidency, marking the transition from Gerald Ford and notable changes…

Inauguration of John Adams (March 4, 1797) Inauguration of John Adams The formal swearing-in of John Adams as the second U.S. president on March 4, 1797, held in Philadelphia and notable for being the first inaugural oath administered by a Chief Just…

Inauguration of John F. Kennedy, January 20, 1961 Inauguration of John F. Kennedy Overview of John F. Kennedy's 1961 inauguration: ceremony, location, address, notable participants, cultural context and historical significance.

Inauguration of John Quincy Adams, March 4, 1825 Inauguration of John Quincy Adams The inauguration of John Quincy Adams as sixth U.S. president took place March 4, 1825 in the House Chamber, with Chief Justice John Marshall administering the oath and John C. Cal…

Inauguration of John Tyler (1841) Inauguration of John Tyler John Tyler was sworn in on April 6, 1841, in a private ceremony after President William Henry Harrison’s death. His succession set a lasting constitutional precedent for vice presi…

Inca Civil War (War of Succession between Huáscar and Atahualpa) Inca Civil War A summary of the Inca Civil War (c.1529–1532): causes, main events, and consequences for the Inca Empire and the subsequent Spanish conquest led by Francisco Pizarro.

Indian Grand Prix (Formula One at Buddh International Circuit) Indian Grand Prix Former Formula One race held at the Buddh International Circuit near Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh. First staged in 2011, run through 2013 and later dropped amid contractual and tax…

Indian Massacre of 1622 (Jamestown Massacre) Indian massacre of 1622 A coordinated Powhatan attack on English colonists on March 22, 1622, that killed around 347 people and reshaped Anglo–Native relations and colonial policy in Virginia.

Indian Rebellion of 1857 A broad account of the 1857 uprising against Company rule in India: causes, major events, key participants, outcomes and why the episode remains contested in memory and history.