Geography

North Medwin River A concise overview of the North Medwin (North Medwyn), a tributary in Lanarkshire, Scotland: its course, environment, historical uses, and relationship to the River Clyde and the S…

Republic of North Ossetia–Alania: Russian federal subject in the North Caucasus North Ossetia-Alania Republic of North Ossetia–Alania, a Russian federal subject in the North Caucasus centered on Vladikavkaz; bilingual (Russian, Ossetian) with Alania heritage, a complex history and…

North Pole (geographic) North Pole The North Pole is Earth's northernmost point, located in the Arctic Ocean at the axis of rotation. It is distinct from the Magnetic North Pole and notable for polar seasons, sea ic…

North Queensland Northern portion of the Australian state of Queensland: tropical landscapes, coastal reefs and savannas, centred on Townsville with a distinct regional identity shaped by geography…

North Region (Cameroon) The North Region of Cameroon is a Sahelian administrative region centered on Garoua. It features the Bénoué River, the Lagdo Reservoir, major national parks and important wildlife…

North Region (Região Norte) — Brazil's Amazon-dominated area North Region, Brazil Largest of Brazil's five regions, covering roughly 45% of the country and dominated by the Amazon Basin; noted for vast rainforest, low population density, major rivers and rich bi…

North Rhine-Westphalia North Rhine-Westphalia is Germany's most populous state, a densely urbanized and industrialized western region centered on the Rhine-Ruhr area, with major cities such as Cologne an…

North Sea: geography, ecology, history and economic importance North Sea An overview of the North Sea: its location, physical features, bordering countries, ecological issues, historical role and contemporary uses including fisheries, shipping, oil and…

North Shore Channel (Chicago) North Shore Channel A man-made canal built 1907–1910 to flush sewage from the North Branch of the Chicago River into the Chicago Sanitary and Ship Canal; now mainly a recreational and water-quality co…

North Slope Borough, Alaska A vast Arctic borough in northern Alaska encompassing Inupiat communities, major oil development on the coastal plain, tundra and permafrost landscapes, and distinct governance and…

North Sulawesi (Sulawesi Utara): geography, history and culture North Sulawesi North Sulawesi is an Indonesian province on the Minahasa Peninsula known for volcanic landscapes, rich colonial history, distinctive Minahasan culture, marine biodiversity and grow…

North Tyrol (Nordtirol): geography, history and significance North Tyrol North Tyrol is the larger, contiguous part of Austria's Tyrol. This article outlines its geography, political status, history, economy, transport links and role in Alpine culture.

North Vietnam (Democratic Republic of Vietnam, 1945–1976) North Vietnam The Democratic Republic of Vietnam, commonly called North Vietnam, was a communist state from 1945 to 1976 centered on Hà Nội and led by Hồ Chí Minh; it fought the Vietnam War and…

North Waziristan District An overview of North Waziristan District: geography, tribes, history, administration and modern developments in the mountainous border region of northwest Pakistan.

North West (South African province) North West is a landlocked province of South Africa centered on mining, agriculture and game reserves; its capital is Mahikeng and its largest city is Klerksdorp.

North West Cape (Western Australia) North West Cape A peninsula on Western Australia’s northwest coast, noted for the Cape Range, Ningaloo Reef, the town of Exmouth, marine life, and a history of early European contact and pearling.

North West Delhi Administrative district of Delhi occupying the capital’s northwest sector; a mix of residential neighborhoods, industrial pockets and villages, with its own local administration an…

North West England: geography, history, and cultural highlights North West England Overview of North West England, its landscape, major cities and counties, economic and cultural importance, history from rural to industrial, and key places to visit.

North Yorkshire: geography, history and major places North Yorkshire Comprehensive overview of North Yorkshire in northern England: landscape, administrative history, principal settlements, economy, protected areas and cultural attractions.

North-East District (Botswana) Administrative district in northeastern Botswana, centered on Francistown; includes two sub-districts, a mix of urban centre, agricultural villages and historic mining activity.

North-West District (Ngamiland), Botswana — geography, culture and attractions North-West District (Botswana) Ngamiland (North-West District) in northwest Botswana contains the Okavango Delta, Maun as its principal town, major wildlife reserves, cultural sites like Tsodilo Hills and commun…

North-Western Province, Zambia Comprehensive overview of Zambia’s North-Western Province: geography, climate, population, economy, infrastructure, environment, society and development challenges, with key facts…

North–South divide: economic and development disparities between regions North–South divide Summary of the North–South divide: its meaning, typical indicators, historical roots, practical implications, and limitations of this global binary.

North–South divide in the United Kingdom Economic, social and cultural differences between southern England and Northern England, Wales and Scotland; history, characteristics, impacts and policy responses.

Northeast (direction) Northeast Northeast is the compass direction midway between north and east (bearing 45°). It is an intercardinal point used in navigation, mapping, meteorology and regional naming; opposite…

Northeast Greenland National Park The world's largest national park, covering roughly 972,000 km² in northeastern Greenland. A remote Arctic reserve of glaciers, fjords, polar desert and wildlife, important for res…

Northeast India (North Eastern Region) Northeast India The easternmost part of India, known for its hills, rivers and cultural diversity. Includes the 'Seven Sisters' states and sometimes Sikkim; notable for biodiversity, tea, and stra…

Northeast Italy (Nord-Est) Northeast Italy Northeast Italy (Nord-Est) is one of Italy's five official statistical regions (NUTS1), covering Emilia-Romagna, Veneto, Trentino‑Alto Adige/Südtirol and Friuli‑Venezia Giulia.

Northeast Region (Região Nordeste) — Brazil’s northeastern states and features Northeast Region, Brazil One of Brazil’s five official regions, the Northeast (Região Nordeste) comprises nine states, diverse climates from coast to semi‑arid interior, a rich colonial and Afro‑Indigenous…

Northeastern Ontario Geographic, cultural and economic overview of Northeastern Ontario: boundaries, districts, demographics (notably Franco‑Ontarian and Indigenous presence), resources, transportation…

Northeastern Region (Iceland) Northeastern Region (Icelandic: Norðurland eystra) is a statistical region in northern Iceland, noted for Akureyri, fjords, geothermal landscapes and nature tourism. Population was…

Northeastern United States U.S. Census-defined region comprising New England and the Mid-Atlantic; noted for dense settlement, early colonial history, major metropolitan corridors, and economic and cultural…

Northeim (district) Northeim is a district in southern Lower Saxony, Germany, centered on the town of Northeim. It spans hilly Weserbergland terrain, follows the Leine valley and includes historic tow…

Northern California: geography, cities, history and economy Northern California An overview of Northern California covering its landscape, major cities and regions, historical development, economic roles, and cultural and environmental distinctions.

Northern Canada: geography, peoples, history and contemporary issues Northern Canada An overview of Northern Canada — its territories, landscapes, Indigenous peoples, climate, economy, governance and contemporary challenges including climate change and Arctic sover…

Northern Cape (South Africa): geography, history, economy and highlights Northern Cape Northern Cape is South Africa's largest province by area, sparsely populated and rich in desert landscapes, mining history, Namaqualand wildflowers and the city of Kimberley.

Northern Catalonia (Catalunya Nord) Northern Catalonia Northern Catalonia, or Catalunya Nord, is the historical Catalan-speaking area ceded to France in 1659, roughly matching today's Pyrénées-Orientales; its culture, language, and ide…

Northern Cyprus: history, status, society and contemporary issues Northern Cyprus Overview of Northern Cyprus (TRNC): its geography, history from Ottoman and British rule to 1974 division, governance, economy, demographics, culture, and the island’s unresolved i…

Northern England: geography, history, cities and culture Northern England Overview of Northern England: boundaries, landscape, major cities, history from Roman times to industrialisation, economy, culture, dialects, administration and tourism.

Northern Europe: geography, countries, history and contemporary distinctions Northern Europe Survey of Northern Europe: its geography, common national groupings, historical meanings, climate, languages, institutions and contemporary regional definitions.

Northern Hemisphere The half of Earth north of the equator, containing most of the planet's land and population; characterized by seasonal cycles opposite the southern hemisphere and unique climatic a…

Northern Isles: Orkney, Shetland and the islands off northern Scotland Northern Isles Chain of islands north of mainland Scotland—chiefly Orkney and Shetland—noted for Norse heritage, Neolithic archaeology, important seabird colonies, fishing and renewable-energy in…

Northern Italy: geography, regions, economy and cultural profile Northern Italy Overview of Northern Italy (Alta Italia): its subregions, geography, economy, history, major cities and the North–South socioeconomic contrasts.

Northern Kurdistan (Turkish Kurdistan) Northern Kurdistan Region of Kurdistan within Turkey, encompassing mainly Kurdish-populated provinces in southeastern and eastern Anatolia; noted for its mountains, distinct culture, contested politi…

Northern Mindanao (Region X), Philippines Northern Mindanao Northern Mindanao (Region X) is an administrative region in the southern Philippines centered on Cagayan de Oro, comprising five provinces and a mix of coastal lowlands, highland p…

Northern Norway: geography, culture and significance Northern Norway Northern Norway — the three northernmost counties of Norway — noted for Arctic landscapes, midnight sun, northern lights, coastal fisheries, Sami culture and key towns like Tromsø…

Northern Ontario: geography, people, history and economy Northern Ontario Overview of Northern Ontario — its geography, subregions, history, economy, environment and communities across the vast Canadian Shield portion of Ontario.

Northern Ostrobothnia (Pohjois‑Pohjanmaa) Northern Ostrobothnia Northern Ostrobothnia is a large region in northern Finland centered on the city of Oulu, known for its flat coastal plains, forests, technology industry and mixed urban–rural popu…