Geography

Nord-Est (North-East) development region, Romania Nord-Est (development region) Nord-Est is one of Romania's eight development regions (NUTS II), grouping six northeastern counties. It coordinates regional policy, EU funds and statistical reporting and include…

Nord-Est Department (Haiti) Nord-Est Department Nord-Est is Haiti's northeastern department bordering the Dominican Republic. Its capital is Fort-Liberté. The region features coastal plains, historic forts, agriculture, fishing…

Nord-Ouest Department (Haiti) Nord-Ouest (department) Nord-Ouest is a northwestern department of Haiti with coastal plains, a distinctive history, and an economy based on fishing, subsistence agriculture and small-scale commerce.

Nord-Pas-de-Calais Former administrative region in northern France, historically industrial (coal, steel, textiles). Merged into Hauts-de-France; centred on Lille and the departments Nord and Pas-de-…

Nord-Ubangi Province (Democratic Republic of the Congo) Nord-Ubangi Nord-Ubangi is a northwestern province of the Democratic Republic of the Congo with capital Gbadolite, created in 2015. It lies along the Ubangi River and is divided into four terr…

Nord-Vest (development region) — Romania's North‑West development region Nord-Vest (development region) Nord‑Vest is one of Romania's eight development regions, created to coordinate regional planning and manage EU funds; it groups six counties in the country's north‑west, with Cluj…

Nordaustlandet — Northeast island of Svalbard Nordaustlandet Nordaustlandet is the largely glaciated, uninhabited second-largest island of the Svalbard archipelago, northeast of Spitsbergen. It is notable for extensive ice caps, polar wildli…

Nordfriesland (district, Schleswig-Holstein, Germany) Nordfriesland (district) Nordfriesland is Germany's northernmost district in Schleswig-Holstein, noted for the Wadden Sea, North Frisian Islands and Halligen, marsh and dike landscapes, Frisian culture, to…

Nordhausen (district) — northernmost rural district of Thuringia, Germany Nordhausen (district) Nordhausen is a rural district in northern Thuringia, Germany. It centers on the city of Nordhausen and combines Harz foothills, agricultural lowlands, industry, and memorial sites…

Nordic countries: nations, geography, languages and cooperation Nordic countries Concise overview of the Nordic countries — Denmark, Finland, Iceland, Norway, Sweden and associated territories — covering geography, languages, politics, economy, and regional coo…

Nordland — county in northern Norway Nordland Nordland is a coastal county in northern Norway, known for its long coastline, island archipelagos such as Lofoten, Arctic landscapes, fishing economy, and cultural ties to Sámi an…

Nordsachsen (rural district) Nordsachsen Nordsachsen is a rural district in northern Saxony, Germany, formed in 2008 from Delitzsch and Torgau-Oschatz. It combines small towns, agricultural land, riverside scenery and lin…

Nordvorpommern: former coastal district of Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania Nordvorpommern Nordvorpommern was a district on Germany's Baltic coast surrounding Stralsund. This article explains its geography, history, economy and cultural significance within the region of…

Nordwestmecklenburg: district overview, geography, history and highlights Nordwestmecklenburg Nordwestmecklenburg is a coastal rural district in Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania, Germany, centered on the Hanseatic town of Wismar. It combines farmland, Baltic shoreline and hist…

Normandy — northern France: history, geography and significance Normandy Normandy is a coastal region of northern France known for its Viking origins, the medieval Duchy of Normandy, distinctive landscapes and cuisine, and as the site of the D-Day landi…

Norrbotten County, Sweden Norrbotten County Norrbotten County (Norrbottens län) is Sweden's northernmost and largest county by area, known for Arctic landscapes, mining, hydropower, Sami culture, and the regional capital Lul…

Norrland: geography, people, climate and history of northern Sweden Norrland Norrland is Sweden's northernmost and largest region by area. This article outlines its geography, counties, population patterns, climate phenomena, history and cultural and econom…

Norte de Santander Department, Colombia Norte de Santander Department Norte de Santander is a border department in northeastern Colombia with capital Cúcuta. It features Andean mountains, valleys and cross-border commerce with Venezuela and is named…

North (cardinal direction) — definition, navigation, and cultural importance North North is a primary cardinal direction used for orientation, mapping and navigation. Covers true vs magnetic north, map conventions, navigation methods, notable places and cultural…

North Abaco District — northern portion of the Abaco Islands, The Bahamas North Abaco North Abaco is a Bahamian district occupying the northern Abaco Islands. It includes settlements on Great Abaco and nearby cays, with an economy based on fishing, boating and touri…

North Africa: region, geography, peoples, and history North Africa North Africa is the northern part of the African continent. Its coastlines, deserts, and rivers shaped ancient states and modern societies; definitions and membership vary by sourc…

North America: Geography, History, and Cultural Overview North America Concise guide to North America's geography, regions, geological history, peoples, economy, and environmental significance, with distinctions and references for further reading.

North Ayrshire (Scotland) North Ayrshire North Ayrshire is a council area on Scotland's west coast, including mainland communities and the islands of Arran and the Cumbraes. Formed in 1996, it comprises both coastal towns…

North Brabant (Noord‑Brabant) — province of the Netherlands North Brabant North Brabant is a southern Dutch province, home to Eindhoven and 's‑Hertogenbosch, known for its high‑tech economy, agricultural areas, distinctive Brabantian culture and varied r…

North Cascades (Washington State) North Cascades Rugged, glaciated mountains in northern Washington State: steep peaks, major rivers and lakes, extensive wilderness protection and distinct ecological zones south of the Canadian b…

North Caucasus Region north of the Greater Caucasus Range spanning diverse mountains, peoples and states; covers parts of Russia and areas adjacent to Georgia and Azerbaijan with rich cultural an…

North Central Florida A regional description of North Central Florida centered on Gainesville, its counties, landscape, history, economy, and cultural and ecological features.

North Central Kansas: geography, communities, history and attractions North Central Kansas North Central Kansas is a 15-county region reaching the Nebraska line. Overview of its geography, communities, economy, history, travel hubs and visitor highlights.

North China Plain A broad, low-lying alluvial plain in eastern China formed largely by the Yellow River; a historical cradle of Chinese civilization and the country’s major agricultural and populati…

North Downs (chalk ridge of southeast England) North Downs The North Downs are a chalk ridge in southeast England stretching from the White Cliffs of Dover to Farnham. Details on geology, history, wildlife, recreation and conservation.

North East Delhi — district overview, history, and characteristics North East Delhi An encyclopedic overview of North East Delhi district: its location, neighborhoods, administration, development challenges, transport and social landscape within the National Capit…

North East England — geography, history, economy and culture North East England Overview of North East England: its counties, landscape, cities, heritage sites, economy and cultural highlights, including national parks, Hadrian's Wall and Durham Cathedral.

North East, New York: Town profile and local overview North East, New York North East is a town in northeastern Dutchess County, New York, centered on the village of Millerton. Rural character, local history, and cross-border connections to Connecticut sh…

North Eleuthera District, Bahamas: Northern Portion of Eleuthera Island North Eleuthera Overview of North Eleuthera District covering the northern end of Eleuthera Island in the Bahamas — geography, communities, local government, transport links including North Eleuth…

North Gorontalo Regency (Kabupaten Gorontalo Utara) North Gorontalo Regency North Gorontalo Regency is an administrative regency in Gorontalo province, Sulawesi, Indonesia, known for its coastal geography, fisheries, agriculture, and cultural ties to the G…

North Holland (Dutch province) North Holland North Holland is a coastal province in the northwest Netherlands. It includes Amsterdam, Haarlem (provincial capital), islands and polders, with a mix of urban centres, historic to…

North India: geography, culture, history and modern significance North India An accessible overview of North India (Hindustan): its landscapes, states, languages, history, economy, culture and relations with neighboring regions.

North Indian Plain (Gangetic Plain) North Indian Plain A broad, fertile lowland formed by the Ganges and its tributaries across northern India, Nepal and Bangladesh; one of the world’s most densely populated and agriculturally producti…

North Jutland Region (Region Nordjylland) North Jutland Region Northernmost administrative region of Denmark, centered on the city of Aalborg; known for coastal landscapes, renewable energy, cultural institutions, and the Skagen and Thy natura…

North Karelia (Pohjois-Karjala) North Karelia Region in eastern Finland known for extensive forests, large lakes such as Pielinen, cultural ties to Karelia, Koli National Park, the city of Joensuu and the public-health North K…

North Khorasan Province Province in northeastern Iran with capital Bojnord. Formed from the historical Khorasan region in 2004, noted for diverse ethnic groups, mountainous landscapes, agriculture, and cu…

North Kivu Province (Democratic Republic of the Congo) North Kivu North Kivu is an eastern DRC province centered on the city of Goma. It includes Lake Kivu shoreline, Virunga National Park and a mix of volcanic, agricultural and mineral landscape…

North Korea (Democratic People's Republic of Korea): overview and key facts North Korea Concise, balanced overview of North Korea (DPRK): geography, political system, history, economy, international relations, and notable characteristics.

North Kosovo: geography, population, governance and contemporary issues North Kosovo North Kosovo is the predominantly Serb-majority area in northern Kosovo. This article explains its geography, population, local institutions, historical background, and its role in…

North Lanarkshire: council area in central Scotland North Lanarkshire North Lanarkshire is a council area in central Scotland formed in 1996. It includes towns such as Cumbernauld, Motherwell and Coatbridge and has a mixed industrial, residential and…

North Lombok Regency (Lombok Utara) — overview and significance North Lombok Regency North Lombok Regency (Kabupaten Lombok Utara) is a coastal and island regency in West Nusa Tenggara, Indonesia, known for the Gili islands, tourism, fishing, and proximity to Mount…

North Macedonia Southeastern European country on the Balkan Peninsula. Capital Skopje; known for lakes, mountains, and cultural heritage. NATO member since 2020 and an EU candidate. Two official l…

North Magnetic Pole The point in the Northern Hemisphere where Earth's magnetic field points vertically downward; it wanders over time and differs from the geographic North Pole, affecting compass nav…