Geography

Tromelin Island — remote Indian Ocean islet Tromelin Island Tromelin Island is a small, low-lying coral and sand islet in the Indian Ocean, administered by France but claimed by Mauritius. It is known for a historic 18th-century shipwreck,…

Trongsa District Central Bhutan district centered on Trongsa Dzong. Mountainous highlands, historic administrative role, parts of two national parks, agriculture-based economy and several gewogs (v…

Tropic A tropic is one of two latitude circles marking the sun's highest overhead positions and the tropical region between them; the term also appears in place names and other uses.

Tropic of Cancer One of the Earth's major circles of latitude, located about 23.5° north of the Equator; marking the northernmost latitude where the Sun can be directly overhead at the June solstic…

Tropic of Capricorn A major circle of latitude about 23°26′22″ south of the Equator marking the southernmost latitude at which the Sun can be directly overhead.

Tropical cyclone basins Geographic regions where tropical cyclones typically form. Describes the seven standard basins, their characteristics, seasonal behavior, monitoring, and notable differences.

Tropical Storm Allison (2001): catastrophic Texas flooding Tropical Storm Allison Tropical Storm Allison (June 2001) stalled over southeast Texas, producing catastrophic rainfall and flooding, causing more than $5 billion in damage, 55 deaths, and the rare retir…

Tropical Storm Alpha (2005) A short-lived but deadly tropical cyclone in October 2005 that marked the first time the Atlantic used a Greek-letter name after the standard list was exhausted; it struck Hispanio…

Tropical Storm Cristobal (2008) Tropical Storm Cristobal formed July 19, 2008, moved northeastward along the U.S. East Coast, peaked July 21 as a strong tropical storm, and dissipated near Nova Scotia on July 23;…

Tropical Storm Gamma (2005) Late-season cyclone of the record 2005 Atlantic hurricane season that formed in the eastern Caribbean, briefly reached tropical storm strength in November, and produced localized i…

Tropics (the Earth's tropical zone) Tropics The tropics are the region of Earth between the Tropic of Cancer and the Tropic of Capricorn where the Sun can be overhead; home to diverse climates, ecosystems, weather patterns a…

Tropojë District Former administrative district in northern Albania, known for Bajram Curri, Valbona Valley and rugged Accursed Mountains; a mountainous area with pastoral traditions, growing natur…

Troup County, Georgia Troup County in western Georgia centers on LaGrange and West Point Lake; established in 1826, it combines manufacturing, education, recreation and historic communities.

Trumbull County, Ohio: Geography, History, and Community Trumbull County, Ohio County in northeastern Ohio centered on Warren; includes history, geography, economy, demographics, and its role in the Youngstown–Warren metropolitan area.

Truyère — river in southwestern France Truyère The Truyère is a river in south-central France, a principal tributary of the Lot, noted for deep gorges, hydroelectric reservoirs and engineering landmarks such as the Garabit viad…

Tschappina — mountain municipality in Graubünden, Switzerland Tschappina Tschappina is a small alpine municipality in the Hinterrhein district of Graubünden, Switzerland, notable for dispersed hamlets, alpine pastures, traditional mountain farming and l…

Tshopo Province, Democratic Republic of the Congo Tshopo Tshopo is a northeastern province of the Democratic Republic of the Congo with capital Kisangani, named for the Tshopo River; formed in 2015 from the former Orientale Province.

Tshuapa Province (Democratic Republic of the Congo) Tshuapa Tshuapa is a riverine, forested province in north-central DRC with capital Boende. It was created in the 2015 decentralization and is defined by the Tshuapa River, rainforest ecolo…

Tsirang District, Bhutan Tsirang District Tsirang is a district in southern Bhutan with its administrative centre at Damphu. It is known for fertile lowlands, mixed communities, and the Sankosh River marking part of its bo…

Tsugaru Strait A strategic sea passage between Honshu and Hokkaido, linking the Sea of Japan and the Pacific Ocean; noted for strong currents, rich fisheries, and the undersea rail connection.

Tsukushi Province (ancient Japanese province) Tsukushi Province An early province of Japan in northern Kyūshū, later divided into Chikuzen and Chikugo. Centered in what is now Fukuoka Prefecture, it played a key role in administration, trade, a…

Tsushima Island — geography, history and modern significance Tsushima Island Tsushima Island is a Japanese island in the Korea Strait between Japan and South Korea. Part of Nagasaki Prefecture, it has a long maritime history, unique ecology, and strategic g…

Tsushima Strait (Korea Strait): geography, history, and significance Tsushima Strait A concise overview of the Tsushima Strait (also called the Korea Strait), its geography, channels, currents, historical role, economic importance, and naming distinctions between J…

Tübingen (district) Landkreis Tübingen is a rural district in central Baden-Württemberg, Germany. It features the Neckar valley, parts of the Swabian Jura and forested areas, with mixed urban and rura…

Tubuai — island of the Austral Islands, French Polynesia Tubuai Tubuai is a volcanic island in the Austral Islands of French Polynesia, about 640 km south of Tahiti. It has around 2,000 residents, a lagoon and reef, and a history of Polynesian…

Tujunga Wash — San Gabriel Mountains tributary to the Los Angeles River Tujunga Wash Tujunga Wash drains the northwestern Los Angeles Basin from the San Gabriel Mountains. It includes Big and Little Tujunga creeks, two reservoirs, and provides significant flow, flo…

Tulak District, Ghor Province (Afghanistan) Tulak District Tulak District is an administrative district in Ghor Province, central Afghanistan. It is a mountainous, sparsely populated area with rural livelihoods, limited infrastructure and…

Tulu language Tulu is a Dravidian language of southwestern India, concentrated in coastal Karnataka and northern Kerala. It has a strong oral tradition, historic scripts, regional dialects and a…

Tumbes Region, Peru Tumbes Region Coastal region in northwestern Peru known for its mangroves, tropical dry forests, fisheries and the city of Tumbes near the border with Ecuador.

Tumbes River (Puyango) — river of Ecuador and Peru Tumbes River A transboundary river in southern Ecuador and northwestern Peru, called Puyango in Ecuador and Tumbes (Túmbez) in Peru; important for ecosystems, irrigation and coastal mangroves.

Tunceli Province (Dersim) — geography, history and culture Tunceli Province Tunceli Province (Dersim) in eastern Turkey: a sparsely populated, mountainous region known for its Alevi Kurdish and Zaza communities, distinct history, and rich natural landscape…

Tundra: characteristics, types, ecology, and human impacts Tundra A concise, neutral overview of tundra biomes: their types, climate, soils, plants and animals, human uses, and conservation concerns, with links for further reading.

Tungurahua Province (Ecuador) Tungurahua Province Central Andean province of Ecuador centered on Ambato, named for the active Tungurahua volcano. Known for agriculture, thermal tourism, textile crafts and annual flower-and-fruit f…

Tunica County, Mississippi Tunica County is a rural county in northwest Mississippi known for its Delta setting, river commerce, casino resort development and county seat Tunica. Population recorded 10,778 i…

Tunisia (Republic of Tunisia) Tunisia North African country on the Mediterranean with ancient Carthage roots, varied landscapes from coast to desert, a mixed Arab-Berber culture, and an economy driven by agriculture, t…

Tupungato — 6,570 m Andean stratovolcano on the Argentina–Chile border Tupungato Tupungato is a 6,570 m stratovolcano in the Andes on the Argentina–Chile border, noted for its glaciated summit, role in regional geography, and popularity with high-altitude climb…

Turkestan: Historical and Geographic Overview Turkestan Turkestan is a historical region of Central Asia—literally 'Land of the Turks'—covering territories now in several countries. This article outlines its geography, peoples, history,…

Turkey (Republic of Türkiye) Turkey Transcontinental country bridging southeastern Europe and western Asia, noted for a layered history from ancient Anatolian civilizations to the Ottoman Empire and a modern republic…

Turkmen language: overview, history, features and distribution Turkmen language Turkmen is an Oghuz Turkic language spoken primarily in Turkmenistan and by communities in Afghanistan, Iran and the wider diaspora; it has distinctive phonology, agglutinative gra…

Turkmen Soviet Socialist Republic A constituent republic of the USSR from 1925 to 1991, the Turkmen SSR occupied present-day Turkmenistan; this article summarizes its history, geography, society, economy and legacy…

Turkmenistan: geography, history, society and economy Turkmenistan Overview of Turkmenistan: location in Central Asia, geography, brief history from antiquity to independence, politics, culture, economy (natural gas, cotton) and notable national f…

Turkwel River River rising on Mount Elgon at the Kenya–Uganda frontier, flowing as the Suam into the Turkwel Gorge and on to Lake Turkana; important for local communities, ecology and hydroelect…

Turpan (Turfan): Oasis city and cultural center in Xinjiang Turpan Turpan is an oasis city in the Turpan Depression of Xinjiang, China, noted for its karez irrigation, grape cultivation, Silk Road ruins and archaeological sites.

Tuscany (Toscana) — central Italian region of art, landscape and wine Tuscany Tuscany is a central Italian region celebrated for Renaissance art, rolling hills, historic towns, wine, olive oil and UNESCO World Heritage sites. Its capital and cultural heart i…

Tuttlingen (district) — Landkreis in southern Baden-Württemberg Tuttlingen (district) Tuttlingen is a rural district (Landkreis) in southern Baden-Württemberg, Germany, known for manufacturing, hilly terrain of the Swabian Alb, and a clustered network of small towns…

Tuva (Tyva) — Republic in southern Siberia Tuva Tuva (Tyva) is a republic of the Russian Federation in southern Siberia, bordering Mongolia. Known for its Turkic language, throat singing, nomadic pastoralism and mountainous land…

Tuvalu — small Pacific island nation (Ellice Islands) Tuvalu Tuvalu is a low-lying Pacific island state of nine atolls and reef islands, known for its vulnerability to sea-level rise, distinctive culture and language, and the .tv internet do…

Tyre, Lebanon Tyre is an ancient Mediterranean port city in southern Lebanon, known for its Phoenician heritage, extensive archaeological remains, UNESCO status, and modern role as a regional ce…