Events

Year 695 (DCXCV) 695 An overview of the year 695 (DCXCV): calendar placement, major political changes in the Byzantine Empire, and broad developments across Asia, Europe, and the Islamic world.

7 July 2005 London bombings (7/7) 7 July 2005 London bombings Coordinated suicide bomb attacks on London's public transport on 7 July 2005 that killed 56 people (including the attackers) and injured hundreds, prompting national investigations…

AD 70 (Year 70) 70 AD 70 was a consequential year in the Roman world and for Judea, notable for the Roman siege of Jerusalem and the destruction of the Second Temple, with lasting religious and histo…

711 (AD) — events, context and legacy 711 The year 711 is best known for the Muslim landings in the Iberian Peninsula and the beginning of Umayyad rule in Hispania. It marks a major turning point in early medieval Europe a…

Year 715 (DCCXV) 715 Year 715 (DCCXV) was a common year beginning on Tuesday of the Julian calendar. It featured notable successions in the Umayyad Caliphate and the papacy, and continued political ins…

771 (year) 771 The year 771 AD saw the death of King Carloman I and the reunification of the Frankish kingdom under Charlemagne, a turning point that helped set the stage for Carolingian expansio…

AD 79 (79 CE) 79 AD 79 was a year of the 1st century notable for the eruption of Mount Vesuvius and important transitions in Roman imperial rule; its archaeological aftermath is a key source on anc…

Year 800 (DCCC) — a turning point in early medieval Europe 800 Overview of the year 800, its calendar designation, major events such as Charlemagne's imperial coronation, and its wider political and cultural context in Eurasia.

Year 838 (DCCCXXXVIII) — events and significance 838 A concise overview of the year 838 (DCCCXXXVIII): major political and military events, cultural notes, chronology, and why the year matters in medieval history.

85 (AD 85): a year in the 1st century CE 85 Overview of the year 85 (AD 85): political and military context, cultural setting, calendar conventions, and the year’s historical significance in the Roman world and beyond.

987 (year) — events and significance 987 A concise account of the year 987 AD: key events, political changes (notably the rise of Hugh Capet), broader context in the 10th century, and its historical legacy.

A Time for Choosing: Ronald Reagan’s 1964 Campaign Speech A Time for Choosing A Time for Choosing was Ronald Reagan’s 1964 televised speech supporting Barry Goldwater. It crystallized Reagan’s conservative philosophy, raised his national profile, and helped…

Abu Dhabi Grand Prix A modern Formula One race held at Yas Marina Circuit since 2009, notable as F1's first day–night event and a high-profile season finale with distinctive architecture and lighting.

Acts of Union 1800 Two complementary Acts passed in 1800 united the Kingdoms of Great Britain and Ireland into the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, abolishing the Irish Parliament and cre…

Adana massacre (April 1909) Adana massacre Violent anti-Armenian attacks in Adana Province, Ottoman Empire in April 1909 that left many dead and caused large-scale destruction and displacement; estimates of fatalities vary…

Advance Auto Parts Clash An annual non-points NASCAR exhibition at Daytona that serves as a short, high-speed preseason sprint; known for its changing formats, aggressive racing and a record-setting fast r…

Aero Caribbean Flight 883 Aero Caribbean Flight 883 crashed on 4 November 2010 near Sancti Spíritus, Cuba. The ATR-72 encountered icing and stalled; all 68 on board died. The accident prompted investigation…

Aeroflot Flight 1492 — 2019 Sukhoi Superjet 100 emergency landing and fire Aeroflot Flight 1492 Aeroflot Flight 1492 was a May 5, 2019 passenger service from Sheremetyevo to Murmansk that returned after takeoff and caught fire. The accident prompted an official investigation…

Aeronautical Literary Festival (Salon du livre aéronautique) Aeronautical literary festival Annual Toulouse festival celebrating books and writing about aviation—publishers, authors, signings, debates and outreach—organized at ENAC by the French Civil Aviation University…

Affair of the Diamond Necklace (1784–1785) Affair of the Diamond Necklace A notorious late 18th-century French scandal in which a forged scheme to obtain an elaborate diamond necklace further tarnished Queen Marie Antoinette's reputation and inflamed pub…

AFL–NFL merger (formation of the modern NFL) AFL–NFL merger The 1970 merger united the American Football League (AFL) and the National Football League (NFL) into a single professional league, reshaping competition, television, and the champ…

Air France Flight 358 (2005) — Toronto Pearson runway overrun Air France Flight 358 Runway overrun of Air France Flight 358, an Airbus A340, at Toronto Pearson on 2 August 2005. All 309 aboard survived; investigations examined landing decisions, weather, and safet…

Air India Express Flight 812 A scheduled passenger flight from Dubai to Mangalore that overran the runway on 22 May 2010, crashing beyond the runway and causing around 160 fatalities; investigated as a major a…

Air India Flight 182 bombing (June 23, 1985) Air India Flight 182 On June 23, 1985, Air India Flight 182 was destroyed by a bomb en route from Montréal to New Delhi, killing all aboard. The attack prompted a major investigation, trials in Canada,…

Air India Flight 855: 1978 Boeing 747 Crash into the Arabian Sea Air India Flight 855 Air India Flight 855 crashed into the Arabian Sea on January 1, 1978 after takeoff from Bombay, killing all 213 on board. Investigators cited instrument failure and pilot error as…

Air New Zealand Flight 901 — Mount Erebus disaster (1979) Air New Zealand Flight 901 Flight 901 was an Air New Zealand sightseeing flight to Antarctica that crashed into Mount Erebus on 28 November 1979, killing all 257 aboard. The accident prompted a major public…

Air raid on Bari (2 December 1943): harbor attack and mustard gas release Air raid on Bari The 2 December 1943 German air attack on the Allied-held port of Bari sank many ships and caused a secretive mustard gas incident with lasting historical significance.

Air show: aerial displays, static exhibitions, and public demonstrations Air show A public event in which pilots and teams perform aerial maneuvers and display aircraft on the ground. Covers types, history, organization, safety, and the distinction between flyin…

Airexpo: French student-run airshow at Muret-Lherm Airexpo Airexpo is an annual French airshow founded in 1987 and organised by students from ENAC and ISAE near Toulouse. It showcases civilian, historic and aerobatic displays and combines…

Alaskan King Crab Fishing: Overview, Methods, Risks, and Conservation Alaskan king crab fishing Commercial harvesting of king crab in the Bering Sea off Alaska. Covers vessels and gear, seasonal practice, safety hazards, management, economic role and threats such as ocean aci…

Algarve Cup The Algarve Cup is an annual invitational women's international football tournament held in Portugal's Algarve region, featuring many of the world's top national teams and serving…

Allahabad Address (1930) — Muhammad Iqbal's political vision Allahabad Address A concise encyclopedia entry on the Allahabad Address delivered by Sir Muhammad Iqbal on 29 December 1930, its themes, historical context, and its role in the development of Muslim…

Allsång på Skansen Allsång på Skansen is a long-running Swedish open-air sing‑along show at Skansen in Stockholm, first held in 1935 and televised annually in summer since 1979.

American Airlines Flight 11 — the 9/11 hijacking that struck the North Tower American Airlines Flight 11 American Airlines Flight 11 was a hijacked Boeing 767 that struck the North Tower of the World Trade Center on September 11, 2001, killing everyone aboard and shaping aviation secu…

American Airlines Flight 191 (May 25, 1979) American Airlines Flight 191 The DC-10 crash of American Airlines Flight 191 after takeoff from O'Hare killed 273 and prompted major safety, inspection and maintenance changes to airline operations and the DC-…

American Airlines Flight 587 (November 12, 2001 crash) American Airlines Flight 587 Summary of the November 12, 2001 crash of American Airlines Flight 587, its sequence, investigation findings, causes, aftermath and its significance for aviation safety.

Anglo-Zanzibar War (1896) — brief conflict and its consequences Anglo-Zanzibar War A very short 1896 conflict between the British Empire and the Sultanate of Zanzibar, notable for lasting under an hour and for its role in consolidating British control of the isla…

Annecy International Animated Film Festival Major annual animation festival held each June in Annecy, France. Founded in 1960, it showcases shorts, features, TV and student work, runs an industry market (MIFA) and awards the…

Anniversary A recurring date that marks and commemorates a past event. Covers personal, religious, and national observances, naming by years, common customs, and the historical origins of anni…

Aoi Festival (Aoi Matsuri) — Kyoto’s Heian-period procession Aoi festival Aoi Matsuri is an annual Shinto festival held in Kyoto on May 15. Known for its Heian-period costumes and a large parade to the Kamo Shrines, it is one of the city’s three major tr…

Apollo 1: the 1967 Apollo Command Module fire and its impact Apollo 1 Apollo 1 (AS-204) was the first crewed Apollo mission; a January 27, 1967 cabin fire during a ground test killed three astronauts and triggered major safety redesigns in the U.S. A…

Apollo 10 — Dress Rehearsal for the First Moon Landing Apollo 10 Apollo 10 was NASA's full rehearsal for landing on the Moon: a crewed F-type test that orbited the Moon and brought the Lunar Module to within a few kilometers of the surface.

Apollo 11 (1969) — First Manned Moon Landing Apollo 11 Apollo 11 was NASA's 1969 mission that first carried humans to the Moon, achieving a lunar landing, returning samples and fulfilling President Kennedy's goal during the Space Race.

Apollo 12: NASA's Second Crewed Lunar Landing Mission Apollo 12 Apollo 12, launched November 14, 1969, achieved a precision lunar landing in Oceanus Procellarum. Crew Conrad, Bean and Gordon performed EVAs, deployed experiments and returned har…

Apollo 13: crippled lunar mission and safe-return by improvisation Apollo 13 Apollo 13 suffered an in-flight Service Module explosion in April 1970. The crew and ground teams improvised solutions, used the Lunar Module as a lifeboat, and returned the astron…

Apollo 14: Third Crewed Lunar Landing of the Apollo Program Apollo 14 Apollo 14 (January–February 1971) was NASA's third successful Moon landing mission, notable for Fra Mauro geology, two EVAs, 42 kg of samples, Shepard's golf shots and Roosa's Moon…

Apollo 15 — First Use of the Lunar Rover and an Extended Scientific Mission Apollo 15 Apollo 15 (July 1971) was NASA's fourth Moon landing and the first J‑type mission. It used the Lunar Roving Vehicle at Hadley–Apennine, performed extended field geology and returne…

Apollo 16: Fifth Lunar Landing — Descartes Highlands Exploration (1972) Apollo 16 Apollo 16 (launched April 16, 1972) was NASA's tenth crewed Apollo mission and the fifth lunar landing, focused on exploring the Descartes Highlands with a rover and deploying surf…