Monuments

Fountain of Apollo (Bassin d'Apollon) — Palace of Versailles Fountain of Apollo A large baroque fountain in the Gardens of Versailles showing Apollo in his four-horse chariot; commissioned under Louis XIV and installed in 1671, noted for its symbolism and late…

Fountain of Cibeles (Fuente de Cibeles) — Madrid's iconic monument Fountain of Cibeles Late‑18th‑century marble fountain in Madrid featuring the Phrygian goddess Cybele in a lion‑drawn chariot; a civic symbol, meeting point and site of public celebration and preserva…

Four Freedoms Monument (Walter Russell) Four Freedoms Monument A public sculpture by American artist Walter Russell honoring Franklin D. Roosevelt’s Four Freedoms; first exhibited in New York City and later relocated to Florida. Overview, desi…

Framlingham Castle A ruined medieval curtain-walled castle in Framlingham, Suffolk, England. Built by the Bigod earls, later held by the Dukes of Norfolk; notable for its strong curtain walls, 1553 r…

Franklin D. Roosevelt Presidential Library and Museum The Franklin D. Roosevelt Presidential Library and Museum in Hyde Park, New York, preserves FDR's papers, artifacts and exhibits. Opened in 1941 as the first U.S. presidential libr…

French Church of Friedrichstadt (Französischer Dom), Berlin French Cathedral, Berlin 18th-century Huguenot church on the Gendarmenmarkt in Berlin, known for its separate domed tower, Huguenot museum, and role in the city's religious and architectural history.

Freud Museum, London (20 Maresfield Gardens) Freud Museum House museum at 20 Maresfield Gardens in Hampstead preserving Sigmund Freud's study, library and personal effects. Founded after Anna Freud's death, it interprets Freud's life, wor…

Frontiers of the Roman Empire A concise overview of the UNESCO World Heritage serial site that groups three major Roman frontier systems — Hadrian's Wall, the Antonine Wall and the German Limes — their characte…

Führerbunker (Berlin) Führerbunker The Führerbunker was the subterranean air-raid shelter beneath the Reich Chancellery in Berlin where Adolf Hitler and Eva Braun spent the last weeks of April 1945.

Fukui Prefectural Dinosaur Museum Major natural history museum in Katsuyama, Fukui Prefecture, Japan, focused on dinosaurs, paleontology, research, and public education with extensive fossil displays and interactiv…

Gabelmann (Neptune fountain and statue in Bamberg) Gabelmann Baroque statue and fountain of Neptune known as the Gabelmann in Bamberg's Grüner Markt, a local landmark, meeting point and subject of regional dialect poetry.

Gammelstad Church Town (Gammelstads kyrkstad) Gammelstad Church Town Well-preserved medieval church village near Luleå, Sweden, featuring a 15th-century stone church surrounded by hundreds of wooden cottages, inscribed as a UNESCO World Heritage Sit…

Garden of the Missing in Action (Gan HaNe'edarim) — Mount Herzl Memorial, Jerusalem Garden of the Missing in Action Memorial garden at Mount Herzl honoring soldiers and police listed as missing in action since 1914. Features symbolic empty graves, a roll of names and a temporary Unknown Soldiers…

Gate of China (Zhonghuamen), Nanjing Gate of China Zhonghuamen, or the Gate of China, is a major Ming‑era gate complex in Nanjing noted for its large barbican, defensive design, and high degree of preservation. It remains a promine…

Gate of Yemen (Bab al-Yaman) — Main Gate of Old Sana'a Gate of Yemen Bab al-Yaman is the principal historic gate of Sana'a's old walled city, commonly attributed to Ottoman rebuilding in the 17th century. It marks the northern entrance and remains a…

Gateway Arch — St. Louis Monument Gateway Arch Stainless-steel arch on the St. Louis riverfront, about 630 ft tall. Designed as a monument to westward expansion, with an observation tram, museum below, and roughly 4 million ann…

George H. W. Bush Presidential Library and Museum George Bush Presidential Library Presidential library and museum in College Station, Texas, preserving George H. W. Bush's papers, exhibits, education programs and the burial site of the former president and Barba…

Gerald R. Ford Presidential Museum Museum in Grand Rapids honoring President Gerald R. Ford; houses exhibits, educational programs and the graves of Ford and his wife Betty; established in the early 1980s.

German Church (Tyska kyrkan / Saint Gertrude's Church), Stockholm German Church, Stockholm Historic German Church in Gamla stan, Stockholm, known as Tyska kyrkan or Saint Gertrude's Church; a medieval Hanseatic parish building now part of the Church of Sweden with notabl…

Gettysburg National Cemetery National cemetery on Cemetery Hill in Gettysburg, Pennsylvania, established after the 1863 battle; site of Abraham Lincoln's Gettysburg Address and the reinterment of Union dead.

Ghal'eh Dokhtar (Dokhtar Castle) — Sassanian fortress near Firuzabad Ghal'eh Dokhtar Ghal'eh Dokhtar ("The Maiden Castle") is an early Sassanian fortress built by Ardashir I in Fars province, Iran. Noted for its rock-top position and vaulted masonry, it illustrates…

Ghazanchetsots Cathedral (Cathedral of Christ the Holy Savior) Ghazanchetsots Cathedral Prominent 19th-century Armenian cathedral in Shusha (Shushi), Nagorno-Karabakh, known for its twin bell towers, dome and cultural importance; damaged in conflict and subject to res…

Giza Necropolis (Giza pyramid complex) Giza Necropolis Ancient funerary complex on the Giza Plateau near Cairo, Egypt, containing the three great pyramids, the Sphinx, temples and cemeteries; a focal point of Egyptology and world herit…

Glamis Castle — Historic Scottish country house and family seat Glamis Castle Glamis Castle in Angus, Scotland, is the ancestral seat of the Earls of Strathmore and Kinghorne, noted for royal connections, notable architecture, public tours and gardens, and a…

Glastonbury Abbey: history, architecture and legends Glastonbury Abbey Ruined monastery in Somerset, England, with medieval origins, notable burials, monastic wealth, and strong Arthurian and early Christian associations.

Gloucester Cathedral Medieval Anglican cathedral in Gloucester, England, founded as an abbey in the 7th century; noted for Norman and Gothic architecture, fan-vaulted cloisters, the tomb of Edward II,…

Golden Gate (Złota Brama) — historic city gate of Gdańsk Golden Gate (Gdańsk) The Golden Gate (Złota Brama) is a Baroque/Mannerist city gate in Gdańsk, Poland, built in 1612 on the site of a 13th-century Gothic portal; a restored landmark on the city's Royal…

Golden Gate Bridge Iconic suspension bridge spanning the Golden Gate strait between San Francisco and Marin County, opened in 1937; known for its orange color, long main span, road and pedestrian acc…

Golden Temple (Harmandir Sahib) — principal Sikh sanctuary in Amritsar Golden Temple Harmandir Sahib, commonly called the Golden Temple, is the holiest Sikh gurdwara in Amritsar, India, known for its gilded dome, sacred pool, community kitchen and central place in…

Goliath (Walibi Holland) Goliath is a steel roller coaster at Walibi Holland in the Netherlands, known for its 46.8 m lift hill and for being the tallest coaster in the Benelux region for several years.

Goryōkaku: the five‑pointed star fort of Hakodate Goryōkaku Goryōkaku is a mid‑19th century star-shaped fort in Hakodate, Hokkaidō, notable as the Republic of Ezo's stronghold and today a historic park with an observation tower and cherry b…

Great Pyramid of Giza The Great Pyramid of Giza: the largest Egyptian pyramid, built for Pharaoh Khufu in the Fourth Dynasty. Overview of its form, materials, chambers, construction theories, the surrou…

Great Sphinx of Giza Great Sphinx Ancient limestone statue near Cairo combining a human head and a lion's body; one of the oldest and largest monumental sculptures, central to Egyptian art, archaeology, and conserv…

Great Wall of China A long series of fortifications built across northern China over centuries. Constructed from earth, stone, and brick, it served military, administrative and symbolic roles and is a…

Great Zimbabwe: ruined capital and dry-stone city of southern Africa Great Zimbabwe Great Zimbabwe is a major medieval stone settlement in southeastern Africa. Once the capital of a regional polity, its dry-stone architecture, crafts and trade links illuminate Iro…

Greyfriars Kirkyard — historic cemetery in Edinburgh Greyfriars Kirkyard Historic cemetery around Greyfriars Kirk in Edinburgh's Old Town, known for notable graves, Covenanters' associations, the story of Greyfriars Bobby and reputed hauntings; a protec…

Grosvenor Square (Mayfair, London) Grosvenor Square Large historic garden square in Mayfair, London, long associated with the Grosvenor family and a prominent American presence including embassy sites, memorials and statues.

Grote of Martinikerk — the main church of Sneek (Snits) Grote of Martinikerk Protestant parish church in Sneek (Snits), Friesland, known as the Grote Kerk or Martinikerk. Medieval origins, late‑medieval architecture, community landmark and burial site of Fr…

Gwynt y Môr offshore wind farm Gwynt y Môr Wind Farm Offshore wind farm off North Wales with 576 MW capacity. Consented 2008, built 2012–2015 and commissioned June 2015. Owned by RWE npower, located near North Hoyle and Rhyl Flats.

Hadrian's Mausoleum (Castel Sant'Angelo): history, architecture, and uses Hadrian's Mausoleum An overview of Hadrian's Mausoleum — the cylindrical Roman tomb turned papal fortress and modern museum in Rome, its architecture, history, and lasting significance.

Hadrian's Wall: Roman frontier across northern Britain Hadrian's Wall A concise encyclopedia article on Hadrian's Wall: its construction, form, function, later history and significance as part of the Roman frontiers World Heritage listing.

Haghpat Monastery A medieval Armenian monastic complex in Lori Province, Haghpat Monastery is a 10th-century religious, cultural and architectural landmark, inscribed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site…

Hameau de la Reine (Versailles) An artificial rural hamlet in the park of Versailles created for Queen Marie‑Antoinette in the 1780s, combining rustic‑style buildings, working farm elements and staged pastoral en…

Hampton Court Palace: history, architecture and gardens Hampton Court Palace Hampton Court Palace is a major Tudor and Baroque royal palace on the River Thames in southwest London, known for its historic apartments, gardens, Great Vine and a famous hedge ma…

Hanging Gardens of Babylon Legendary terraced gardens from ancient Mesopotamia, attributed to Babylon and Nebuchadnezzar II; celebrated as one of the Seven Wonders but its existence and exact location remain…

Har HaMenuchot (Givat Shaul Cemetery), Jerusalem Har HaMenuchot Har HaMenuchot (Givat Shaul) is a major modern Jewish cemetery in western Jerusalem, established in 1951 after access to the Mount of Olives was lost. It lies beside the Jerusalem…

Harry S. Truman Presidential Library and Museum Preserves the papers, artifacts, and exhibits documenting President Harry S. Truman; located in Independence, Missouri. Serves researchers, educators, and visitors with collections…

Hassan Bek Mosque (Jaffa): Ottoman-era mosque and cultural landmark Hassan Bek Mosque Ottoman-era Hassan Bek Mosque in Jaffa is a historic mosque and landmark with a distinctive minaret, active worship, and ongoing restoration efforts reflecting the city's architect…