Events

Chernobyl disaster: 1986 reactor accident, impacts and legacy Chernobyl disaster The 1986 Chernobyl nuclear disaster near Pripyat (then Soviet Union) released large amounts of radioactivity, prompted mass evacuations and long-term health, environmental and poli…

Chess Olympiad The Chess Olympiad is the biennial world team championship organized by FIDE for national teams in open and women’s sections, featuring evolving formats from round-robin to modern…

Chicago Blues Festival Annual free blues festival in Chicago’s Grant Park celebrating Chicago blues with multiple stages, local and international performers, tributes, and community programming each June…

Chicago Pride Parade Annual LGBTQ+ pride parade held each June in Chicago’s Lake View neighborhood, one of the world’s largest pride events with a long history beginning in 1970.

Chicago Seven: 1968 DNC protests, trial, and legacy Chicago Seven Group of activists originally tried as the Chicago Eight for protests at the 1968 Democratic National Convention; their courtroom drama, convictions and later reversals shaped prot…

Children in Need (BBC charity appeal) Children in Need A long-running BBC fundraising appeal that raises money for disadvantaged children across the UK through an annual broadcast, regional grants and community fundraising events.

China Airlines Flight 611: 2002 mid‑air breakup over the Taiwan Strait China Airlines Flight 611 Overview of the China Airlines Flight 611 accident in 2002, its causes, investigation findings and safety consequences following the in‑flight breakup of a Boeing 747.

China Airlines Flight 676 (1998 Taoyuan crash) China Airlines Flight 676 China Airlines Flight 676, an Airbus A300 operating Bali–Taipei on 16 Feb 1998, crashed near Taoyuan City in poor weather. All 197 aboard were killed; additional fatalities occurre…

Christchurch mosque shootings A summary of the March 2019 attacks on two Christchurch mosques, the attacker, casualties, legal outcomes, national responses and subsequent policy changes in New Zealand.

Christmas Raid (1939) — Magazine Fort arms theft, Phoenix Park Christmas Raid The Christmas Raid (23 Dec 1939) was an Irish Republican Army operation that removed weapons from the Magazine Fort in Phoenix Park. Most munitions were soon recovered and several…

Christmas Truce of 1914 Christmas truce A spontaneous series of local truces along the Western Front in December 1914 when opposing soldiers fraternized, exchanged greetings and briefly paused hostilities.

Church Street bombing (Pretoria, 1983) Church Street, Pretoria bombing A 20 May 1983 car bombing in Church Street, Pretoria, carried out by Umkhonto we Sizwe, killed 19 people and injured many; it remains a contentious episode of South Africa's aparth…

Coachella Valley Music and Arts Festival Annual multi-genre music and arts festival in Indio, California, known for large-scale performances, immersive art installations, reunions and broad cultural influence since 1999.

Colgan Air Flight 3407 (Buffalo crash, February 12, 2009) Colgan Air Flight 3407 Passenger flight from Newark to Buffalo that crashed on approach in Clarence Center, New York on Feb 12, 2009. All 49 aboard and one person on the ground died; the accident led to…

Colombo Central Bank bombing (1996) Colombo Central Bank bombing A January 31, 1996 suicide truck bombing at Sri Lanka's Central Bank in Colombo killed about 90 people and injured over 1,400, a major attack during the Sri Lankan civil war.

Columbine High School massacre (1999) Columbine High School massacre A detailed overview of the April 20, 1999 Columbine High School attack in Littleton, Colorado: events, weapons, victims, investigation, and its long-term impact on schools and publ…

Conference: Purpose, Types, Structure, and Modern Practices Conference A conference is a gathering for discussion, presentation, and exchange of ideas. This article explains types, common formats, technological advances, planning elements, and distinc…

Confetti: small decorative pieces used at celebrations Confetti Confetti are small pieces of paper or similar materials tossed at celebrations. This article covers types, history, environmental and health concerns, common uses, and cleanup prac…

Congress of Arras (1435) — Treaty and consequences Congress of Arras The 1435 Congress of Arras brought England, France and Burgundy to negotiate near Arras. The resulting Treaty of Arras ended the Anglo–Burgundian alliance and reshaped diplomacy du…

Congress of Tucumán (1816) — Declaration of Independence in the Río de la Plata Congress of Tucumán A 1816 assembly in San Miguel de Tucumán where provincial deputies declared independence from Spain, shaping the early states of Argentina, Uruguay and parts of Bolivia and influen…

Congress of Vienna (1814–1815): Reshaping Europe after Napoleon Congress of Vienna Diplomatic conference in Vienna (1814–1815) where European powers negotiated territorial settlements and a balance of power to restore stability after the Napoleonic Wars.

Connect Music Festival (Inveraray Castle, Scotland) Connect Music Festival A boutique music festival on the banks of Loch Fyne at Inveraray Castle, known for high-profile headliners and a program geared toward older music fans and eclectic tastes.

Conservative Political Action Conference (CPAC) — history, format, and influence Conservative Political Action Conference CPAC is the annual conference hosted by the American Conservative Union that convenes conservative activists, elected officials, commentators and students to debate policy, train o…

Constantinople Conference (1876–77): Great Power proposals for Ottoman reforms Constantinople Conference Concise account of the 1876–77 Constantinople Conference: participants, proposed administrative reforms for Bosnia and Bulgarian provinces, diplomatic positions, Ottoman response a…

United States Constitutional Convention (1787): Purpose, Debates, and Legacy Constitutional Convention (United States) The 1787 Philadelphia gathering that produced the U.S. Constitution: background, principal delegates, major proposals and compromises, ratification conflicts, and its lasting signi…

Convention (meeting): organized gatherings for trade, professional and fan communities Convention (meeting) A convention is a planned gathering of people who share a commercial, professional, recreational or cultural interest, organized around programming, exhibits, networking and shared…

Convention center: purpose, design, history and uses Convention center A convention center is a large public building for meetings, exhibitions and events. This article explains typical features, history, uses, and how it differs from exhibition and c…

Copa América Centenario (2016) Copa América Centenario A one-time centennial edition of the Copa América held in the United States in June 2016, featuring 16 teams and won by Chile after a penalty shootout against Argentina.

Coppa Acerbo (Pescara Grand Prix) Coppa Acerbo An Italian road-race first run in 1924, renamed Circuito di Pescara after WWII; notable for very long public-road layout and a single 1957 Formula One World Championship appearance…

Cornish Rebellion of 1497: the tax revolt and march on London Cornish rebellion of 1497 A 1497 popular uprising in Cornwall against taxes raised by Henry VII to fund a campaign in Scotland; led by Michael An Gof and Thomas Flamank, it culminated in a march to London a…

Coronation: the ceremony of crowning a monarch Coronation A coronation is a public ceremony that marks the formal investiture of a monarch. It combines political, legal and often religious acts and typically involves regalia such as a cro…

Costa Concordia disaster (2012 shipwreck off Isola del Giglio) Costa Concordia disaster On 13 January 2012 the cruise ship Costa Concordia struck rocks off Isola del Giglio, Italy. The vessel partially sank, 32 people died, and the event prompted major salvage operati…

Council of Chalcedon (451) Council of Chalcedon An ecumenical council convened in 451 at Chalcedon that defined the two natures of Christ, issued canons affecting church order, and shaped major doctrinal divisions in Christianit…

Council of Constance (1414–1418) Council of Constance A major 15th-century Roman Catholic council held in Konstanz that ended the Western Schism, confronted heresy, and issued decrees that shaped conciliar theory and later reform move…

Council of Jerusalem (Apostolic Council, c. 50 CE) Council of Jerusalem An early meeting of Christian leaders recorded in Acts 15 that dealt with whether Gentile converts must follow Mosaic law; a key event in the separation of Christianity from Judais…

Council of Trent: mid‑16th century Catholic council for doctrine and reform Council of Trent Sixteenth‑century ecumenical council (1545–1563) that clarified Catholic doctrine, reformed clerical practice, standardized liturgy and defined the Church’s response to Protestanti…

County Seat War: Contest for Local Power and Prosperity in American History County seat war A county seat war was a contest, often in the 19th‑century United States, over which town would host county government — a struggle with political, economic and sometimes violent t…

COVID-19 pandemic: overview, transmission, vaccines, and global impact COVID-19 pandemic Comprehensive summary of the COVID-19 pandemic: cause, transmission, symptoms, prevention, vaccines, origins, and its social and global consequences since late 2019.

COVID-19 pandemic in Albania Overview of the COVID-19 outbreak in Albania, its first confirmed cases, public-health measures, impacts, and the situation as of 10 September 2020.

COVID-19 pandemic in Algeria Overview of the COVID-19 pandemic in Algeria, its emergence in 2020, public-health response, societal and economic effects, vaccination rollout, and longer-term lessons.

COVID-19 pandemic in Angola Overview of the spread, public-health response, social and economic impact, and international assistance related to the COVID-19 pandemic in Angola.

COVID-19 pandemic in Antigua and Barbuda Summary of the arrival, response, and effects of the COVID-19 pandemic in Antigua and Barbuda, including early cases, public-health measures, economic impacts, and notable distinct…

COVID-19 pandemic in Argentina Overview of the COVID-19 pandemic in Argentina: timeline, public-health response, vaccination rollout, social and economic effects, and notable features of the national experience.

COVID-19 pandemic in Armenia Overview of the COVID-19 pandemic in Armenia, its arrival, public-health measures, testing and border controls, and the social and economic consequences.

COVID-19 pandemic in Australia Overview of the COVID-19 pandemic in Australia: timeline, public-health measures, major outbreaks, social and economic impacts, vaccination rollout, and notable controversies.

COVID-19 pandemic in Austria: overview, response, and impacts COVID-19 pandemic in Austria Summary of the COVID-19 pandemic in Austria, covering initial detection, public-health measures, timeline of waves, vaccination and social-economic impacts, and notable distinction…

COVID-19 pandemic in Azerbaijan Overview of how the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic reached and affected Azerbaijan, the public health response, timeline, vaccination effort, and social and economic impacts.

COVID-19 pandemic in Bangladesh Overview of the COVID-19 pandemic in Bangladesh: timeline, public-health response, testing and vaccination, socioeconomic impact, and notable challenges including refugee camps and…