Engineering

Drainage: Principles, Types, History, and Environmental Considerations Drainage Removal of excess surface and subsurface water by natural or engineered means; covers types, components, history, applications in agriculture and urban areas, and environmental imp…

Drawbridge: movable bridge for defense and navigation Drawbridge A drawbridge is a movable bridge that can be raised, lowered or swung to control passage. Used historically in fortifications and today on busy waterways, it includes several desig…

Driveshaft (drive shaft, propeller shaft, Cardan shaft) Driveshaft A driveshaft is a rotating component that transmits torque from a power source to driven parts. Covers design, components, history, materials, applications, and differences from ax…

Dual in-line package (DIP) — through‑hole integrated circuit packaging Dual in-line package Dual in-line package (DIP) is a common through‑hole package for integrated circuits and discrete components, featuring two parallel rows of pins for easy mounting, prototyping, and…

Duckboards: Raised Walkways for Wet and Soft Ground Duckboards Duckboards are simple raised walkways—traditionally wooden slats on supports—used to cross mud, marsh or flooded ground. They improve drainage, protect soil and give a safe path in…

Duroplast: a thermosetting resin-based composite material Duroplast Duroplast is a hard, heat-resistant thermoset composite based on phenolic resins reinforced with natural or glass fibres, used for electrical parts, durable panels and industrial c…

Dworshak Dam — concrete gravity dam on the North Fork Clearwater River Dworshak Dam Dworshak Dam is a major United States Army Corps of Engineers concrete gravity dam in northern Idaho. Built in the late 1960s–early 1970s, it provides hydroelectric power, water st…

Earthquake Engineering: Principles, Design, and Applications Earthquake engineering Earthquake engineering studies how buildings and infrastructure respond to seismic forces and develops design, retrofit, and mitigation strategies to reduce damage and protect life…

Earthquake Performance Simulation Modeling and testing how buildings and infrastructure respond to seismic shaking using analytical, numerical and experimental methods to assess performance, guide design, retrofit…

Earthquake protector: a damping-disengaged base isolation system Earthquake protector An earthquake protector is a form of base isolation that limits seismic damage by decoupling a structure from ground motion and selectively disengaging damping to avoid excessive d…

École nationale supérieure de mécanique et d'aérotechnique (ENSMA) École nationale supérieure de mécanique et d'aérotechnique French Grande École for mechanical and aeronautical engineering, located on the Futuroscope campus; offers the Ingénieur ENSMA degree, MSc and PhD programs, with teaching and resea…

École nationale supérieure des mines de Paris (Mines ParisTech) École nationale supérieure des mines de Paris French grande école of engineering founded in the 18th century, Mines ParisTech is a leading institution for applied science, engineering education and research, part of PSL Resear…

Eddy current: induced circulating currents in conductors and their effects Eddy current Eddy currents are loops of electrical current induced in conductors by changing magnetic fields. They produce opposing magnetic fields, cause heating and braking, and have both use…

Electric match A compact electrical igniter that converts an electric signal into heat to light pyrotechnic charges, airbags, and other timed devices.

Electric motor Device that converts electrical energy into mechanical motion; explains parts, common types, history, key applications, and differences from generators.

Electricity Distribution Networks: Infrastructure, Components, and Voltage Conversion Electric power distribution Overview of electricity distribution networks: infrastructure and components—power lines, substations, transformers and meters—and how staged voltage conversion delivers safe usabl…

Electric power transmission: systems, components, and role in modern grids Electric power transmission How bulk electrical energy is moved from power plants to substations, the components and methods used, typical voltages and technologies, and distinctions from distribution systems…

Electrical circuit: overview, components, types, and applications Electrical circuit Concise guide to electrical circuits: what they are, key components, AC and DC, loads, distinctions from electronic circuits, history, common uses, safety, and notable facts.

Electrical conduit: types, uses, and installation overview Electrical conduit A clear guide to electrical conduit: purpose, common materials and types, typical uses, installation considerations, and how conduit differs from cable wiring.

Electrical engineering: principles, history, and practical applications Electrical engineering Survey of electrical engineering: its scope, main subfields, historical development, common applications, and how it differs from related disciplines in practice and education.

Electrical generator: principles, types, uses and safety Electrical generator Overview of how electrical generators convert mechanical energy to electricity, main components and types, common applications, safety and environmental considerations, and selecti…

Electrical grid A power network linking generation, transmission, distribution and loads to deliver electricity reliably. Covers structure, operation, history, modern challenges and key distinctio…

Electrical outlet: types, components, safety, and common uses Electrical outlet An electrical outlet (receptacle) is a fixed socket that provides alternating current to devices. This article explains parts, common types, safety devices, installation locations,…

Electrical resistivity Intrinsic property that quantifies how strongly a material opposes electric current; measured in ohm-metre, inverse of conductivity, depends on composition and temperature and has…

Electrical substation: functions, components, types, and role in power systems Electrical substation A substation is a node in the electrical power network where voltage is changed, circuits are switched and protection and control functions are performed to move electricity from g…

Electrician: Roles, Training, Tools and Safety Electrician An electrician installs, maintains and repairs electrical systems in homes, businesses and industry. This article covers typical tasks, training and licensing, common tools, safety…

Electricity generation: production methods, history and uses Electricity generation Production of electrical energy from mechanical, chemical or renewable sources; overview of prime movers, generators, major technologies, history and typical applications.

Electrode An electrode is a conductor used to make electrical contact with a non-metal part of a circuit or an electrolyte; used in batteries, electrolysis, sensors, medical leads and weldin…

Electromagnet — Principles, Construction, Uses, and History Electromagnet A clear guide to electromagnets: how current in coils creates magnetic fields, core materials and strength factors, historical development, common applications, construction tips,…

Electronic engineering: principles, history, and modern applications Electronic engineering Overview of electronic engineering: core concepts, historical development, main subfields, typical tools and education, and major applications in communications, computing, control…

Embraer ERJ family regional jets Embraer ERJ family A family of small twin‑engine regional jets by Embraer, including the ERJ135, ERJ140 and ERJ145, designed for short to medium regional routes and used in airline, corporate and mil…

Engine (machine) Engine An engine is a device that converts various forms of energy into mechanical motion. This article outlines types, components, history, uses, and key distinctions between engines and…

Engine knocking (detonation and pre-ignition in internal combustion engines) Engine knocking Engine knocking is abnormal, uncontrolled combustion in petrol engines that causes a rattling sound and can damage components. Causes include low-octane fuel, wrong timing, overhea…

Engineer: roles, skills, history and areas of practice Engineer An engineer applies scientific principles to design, build and maintain systems, structures and products. This article covers roles, education, specialties, history and professiona…

Engineered languages: constructed systems for logic, philosophy and experiment Engineered languages Engineered languages are constructed languages designed to test ideas in logic, philosophy and linguistics. They are crafted for clarity, formal analysis, or experimental study rat…

Engineering: Principles, branches, history, and applications Engineering An accessible overview of engineering: its core principles, major branches, history, educational pathways, and how engineers design, build, and solve technical problems across indu…

Engineering (Legislative Council functional constituency) Engineering (constituency) A Hong Kong Legislative Council functional constituency created in 1998 representing professional engineers and members of the Hong Kong Institution of Engineers, returning one Leg…

Engineering tolerance: definition, types, specification, and applications Engineering tolerance Explanation of engineering tolerance, covering dimensional and environmental limits, specification methods, measurement, history, and why tolerances matter in design, manufacturing…

Enhanced geothermal system (EGS): engineered heat reservoirs for energy Enhanced geothermal system Enhanced geothermal systems (EGS) are engineered subsurface reservoirs that enable geothermal power and heat production where natural water or permeability is insufficient.

Enlightenment (window manager) Enlightenment (E) is a lightweight, highly configurable window manager and desktop shell for the X Window System with its own libraries, visual effects, and a history of use on res…

Enterprise JavaBeans (EJB): server-side components for Java enterprise applications Enterprise Java Beans Enterprise JavaBeans (EJB) is a server-side component architecture for building scalable, transactional, and secure business logic in Java enterprise applications, managed by an ap…

Erie Canal 19th-century artificial waterway in New York linking the Hudson River to Lake Erie. Completed in 1825, it opened Great Lakes trade to the Atlantic, reshaped settlement and commerce…

Euler–Bernoulli beam theory Euler-Bernoulli Beam Theory Classical linear theory that predicts the bending, internal moments and deflections of slender beams under transverse loads, widely used in engineering despite limitations for shor…

Excavator: design, types, uses and operation Excavator Overview of excavators: their main components, common types, historical development, typical uses in construction and mining, and safety/maintenance considerations.

Execution unit (CPU component) Execution unit A CPU execution unit is the microarchitectural component that carries out arithmetic, logic, memory address calculations and other operations. This article explains its parts, beha…

exit (command) A terminal and scripting command that terminates a shell, script, or process and returns an exit status to the calling environment.

Exploration Upper Stage (EUS) Exploration Upper Stage The Exploration Upper Stage is the cryogenic upper stage planned for the SLS Block 1B, using four RL10 engines and LH2/LOX propellants to boost payloads for translunar and deep-spa…

Explosion protection for buildings and infrastructure Explosion protection Methods and principles to reduce damage from internal and external explosions to buildings and civil structures, including design strategies, components, history, uses, and practic…