Overview

An electrician is a trained tradesperson who installs, inspects, maintains and repairs electrical wiring, circuits, fixtures and control systems. Electricians work where electricity is used: in residences, commercial buildings, factories and on infrastructure projects. Typical work includes making sure lights, outlets and motors operate safely and reliably, and that installations comply with electrical codes.

Common tasks and specialties

Tasks vary by setting and can include planning circuit layouts, running cable, connecting panels, routing conduit, installing switches and outlets, testing for faults and troubleshooting equipment. Specialties include:

  • Residential electricians — work on homes and apartment buildings.
  • Commercial electricians — serve offices, stores and public buildings.
  • Industrial electricians — maintain machinery, motors and complex control systems.
  • Maintenance and linemen — perform repairs on distribution systems or overhead lines.

Tools, materials and methods

Electricians use hand tools (screwdrivers, pliers, wire strippers), power tools, testers (multimeters, circuit tracers), and safety equipment. They work with wiring, conduit, breakers, panels, switches, receptacles and lighting fixtures. Many repairs start with inspecting wiring and switches, for example checking and replacing faulty wiring using testing instruments and secure terminations: wires and switches.

Training, licensing and codes

Most electricians complete an apprenticeship combining classroom study and on-the-job training, often followed by journeyman and master licensure. Licensing and inspection ensure compliance with local electrical codes and standards. Many jurisdictions require continuing education to keep up with new safety rules and technologies.

Safety and importance

Electrical work carries hazards including shock, arc flash and fire. Electricians follow safety procedures such as lockout-tagout, use of personal protective equipment, and voltage testing before work. Their role is essential for safe power distribution, energy efficiency upgrades, and installing systems that support modern buildings and industry. Many electricians perform work inside structures and on-site, for example repairing circuits in a building: work in a building.