Geography

Gäu District, Canton of Solothurn Gäu District Gäu is a central district of the canton of Solothurn in Switzerland, characterized by a mix of agricultural plains and industrial towns, local municipalities, and connections to re…

Gaul: the ancient region and peoples of Western Europe Gaul Gaul (Latin Gallia) was an ancient region of Western Europe inhabited by Celtic-speaking tribes; this article covers its geography, peoples, language, Roman conquest, and cultural…

Gaustadt — district of Bamberg in Upper Franconia, Germany Gaustadt Gaustadt is a suburban district of Bamberg in Upper Franconia, noted for its local brewery Brauerei Kaiserdom, community life, and a mixture of residential, light industrial and sm…

Gautam Budh Nagar district Gautam Budh Nagar is a suburban and industrial district in Uttar Pradesh, India. Part of the National Capital Region, it includes Noida and Greater Noida and is a centre for indust…

Gauteng: South Africa's Smallest and Most Populous Province Gauteng Gauteng is South Africa's smallest province by land area and its most populous. This article summarizes its geography, history, economy, languages, and major cities including Johan…

Gave de Pau — river of southwestern France Gave de Pau The Gave de Pau is a mountain-origin river in southwestern France that flows through Pau and joins the Adour. It is characteristic of the Pyrenean ‘gave’ streams and important for…

Gävleborg County: Administrative region of northern Sweden covering Gästrikland and Hälsingland Gävleborg County Gävleborg County in northern Sweden centers on Gävle and covers Gästrikland and Hälsingland. It includes coastal ports, forests, ten municipalities, and regional authorities managi…

Gawar-Bati (Aranduyiwar) — a Dardic language of Chitral and eastern Afghanistan Gawar-Bati language Gawar-Bati, locally Aranduyiwar, is a small Indo-Aryan (Dardic) language spoken on both sides of the Pakistan–Afghanistan border; it is sparsely documented and considered vulnerabl…

Gaza City — major Palestinian city in the Gaza Strip Gaza Gaza City is the largest urban center in the Gaza Strip, a coastal Palestinian city with ancient roots, dense population, strategic history, and ongoing humanitarian and political…

Gaza Province, Mozambique Gaza Province Gaza Province is a southern province of Mozambique with capital Xai-Xai. It includes the lower Limpopo basin, important national parks, agricultural plains and coastal wetlands.

Gaza Strip A densely populated coastal Palestinian territory on the Mediterranean, the Gaza Strip has a complex political history, constrained geography, and significant humanitarian and stra…

Gaziantep: Southeastern Turkish city known for cuisine, heritage and industry Gaziantep Gaziantep is a major city in southeastern Turkey, noted for its culinary traditions (especially baklava), rich archaeological heritage, industrial economy and a hot-summer Mediterr…

Gazipur District (Bangladesh) Gazipur District Gazipur District is an industrialized and rapidly urbanizing district in central Bangladesh, part of Dhaka Division. It blends large factories, agricultural areas, notable parks an…

Geary County, Kansas Geary County (county code GE) is in northeastern Kansas. Its county seat is Junction City. The county includes parts of Fort Riley and had 34,362 residents at the 2010 census; name…

Geary, Oklahoma: Overview of a Small Southwestern Plains City Geary, Oklahoma Geary is a small city in Blaine County, Oklahoma, United States. This article summarizes its location, character, history, economy, recreational opportunities and where to find mor…

Geauga County, Ohio A rural county in northeastern Ohio known for its rolling farmland, sizeable Amish population, Chardon seat, and role within the Cleveland–Elyria metropolitan area.

Gegharkunik Province, Armenia: Geography, History and Importance Gegharkunik Province Gegharkunik is Armenia's largest province by area, containing Lake Sevan, the Geghama mountains and the capital Gavar. It is notable for highland landscapes, medieval sites, fisher…

Gehenna (Valley of the Son of Hinnom) Gehenna Gehenna, originally the Valley of the Son of Hinnom near Jerusalem, is both a physical valley and a long-standing religious symbol associated with sacrifice, purification, and the…

Geishouse — commune in Haut-Rhin, Grand Est, France Geishouse Geishouse is a small mountain commune in the Haut-Rhin department of eastern France, known for its Alsatian mountain setting, outdoor recreation and rural heritage.

Geispitzen — Commune in Haut-Rhin, Grand Est, France Geispitzen Geispitzen is a small commune in the Haut-Rhin department of eastern France. This article outlines its location, administrative role, regional context, landscape, history, and loca…

Gelderland (Guelders) — province in the east of the Netherlands Gelderland Gelderland is a large eastern Dutch province known for the Veluwe, major rivers (Rhine, Waal, IJssel), historic cities Arnhem and Nijmegen, varied landscapes and a medieval history…

Gélise (river in southwestern France) Gélise The Gélise is a small river in southwestern France, flowing through Gers, Landes and Lot-et-Garonne and joining the Baïse. This article summarizes its course, landscape, uses and r…

Gelsenkirchen Gelsenkirchen is a city in Germany's Ruhr region, known for its coal-and-steel past, large football club FC Schalke 04, and ongoing economic and cultural redevelopment.

Gem County, Idaho: overview, history, geography and economy Gem County, Idaho Gem County is a rural county in western Idaho. This article summarizes its location, population (2010), landscape, history, economy, government seat and notable features.

Générac (Gironde) — commune in Nouvelle-Aquitaine, France Générac, Gironde Générac is a small rural commune in the Gironde department of Nouvelle-Aquitaine, southwestern France. This article summarizes its location, administration, history, economy and no…

Genesee, Idaho Genesee is a small city in northern Idaho's Palouse region, notable as an agricultural community in Latah County with local schools, community events, and ties to nearby regional c…

Canton of Geneva Geneva (canton) Swiss canton centered on the city of Geneva: a compact, French-speaking region known for diplomacy, finance, Lake Geneva, cross-border urban area with France, and a long history in…

Gensac, Gironde — a rural commune in southwestern France Gensac, Gironde Gensac is a small commune in the Gironde department of Nouvelle-Aquitaine in southwestern France, noted for agriculture, vineyards and its role within the rural landscape near the…

Geodesy — the science of Earth’s shape, gravity and precise positioning Geodesy Geodesy is the scientific discipline that measures and models Earth's size, shape, gravity field and the precise positions of points on its surface for mapping, navigation and geos…

Geodetic datum: reference frameworks for locating points on Earth Geodetic datum A geodetic datum is a reference framework used to assign coordinates to locations on Earth. It defines origin, orientation and scale for mapping, surveying, navigation and geospati…

Geographer: Roles, Methods, History, and Practical Applications Geographer A geographer studies Earth's landscapes, environments, and human activity, using fieldwork, maps, GIS and spatial analysis to explore patterns, relationships, and problems across l…

Geographic coordinate system A system for locating points on Earth using latitude, longitude and altitude; covers formats, history, reference systems, uses, and differences from projected coordinates.

Geographic Names Information System (GNIS) Geographic Names Information System The GNIS is the U.S. federal database of domestic geographic feature names and locations, maintained by the USGS in partnership with the U.S. Board on Geographic Names to standardi…

Geographical Names Board of New South Wales State authority responsible for naming and recording place names in New South Wales, Australia, setting naming standards and maintaining the official register.

Geographical pole A geographical pole is either of two points where a planet’s rotation axis meets its surface; used as fixed reference points for coordinates, mapping, navigation and astronomy.

Geographical renaming: causes, processes, and notable examples Geographical renaming Overview of why and how place names change, common causes, legal and social effects, international coordination, and illustrative case studies including decolonization and romaniza…

Geography: the study of Earth's places, environments, and people Geography Geography examines Earth's physical features, human societies, and their interactions. It spans physical and human branches, mapping and methods, historical development, and practi…

Geography of Afghanistan Overview of Afghanistan’s physical geography: mountains, rivers, climate, ecosystems, and strategic location in central Asia, with major features and implications for people and en…

Geography of Argentina An overview of Argentina's physical geography: regions, mountains, rivers, climate zones, and human-environment interactions across its long north–south span.

Geography of Haiti Natural and human geography of Haiti: location on Hispaniola, mountains, coasts, climate, islands and peninsulas, rivers and lakes, tectonics, and environmental challenges.

Geography of Iran: topography, climate, coasts and regional features Geography of Iran A concise overview of Iran's physical geography: mountains, plateaus, deserts, coasts and borders, with notes on rivers, climate zones, tectonics and regional distinctions.

Geography of Nepal: mountains, valleys, rivers and climate Geography of Nepal Overview of Nepal’s physical and human geography, major regions, rivers, climate zones, biodiversity, hazards, and significance for culture, economy, and conservation.

Geography of Romania Physical geography of Romania: landforms from the Carpathians to the Danube Delta, major rivers, climate zones, biodiversity, soils, natural resources and regional patterns.

Geography of Taiwan Overview of Taiwan's physical landscape, islands, climate, tectonic setting, ecosystems and human geography, including major regions and distinctive features.

Geography of the Dominican Republic Physical and human geography of the Dominican Republic: location, landforms, climate zones, rivers and islands, borders with Haiti, and notable geographic features and distinctions…

Geography of the United States An overview of the United States' physical geography: size, regions, major landforms, climate variety, rivers, highest and lowest points, and geographic centers.

Geoje — island city in South Gyeongsang, South Korea Geoje Geoje is a coastal city of islands in South Gyeongsang Province, South Korea, known for large shipyards, scenic coastline and islands, ferry and fixed-link connections to Busan, an…

Geopolitics: how geography shapes states' strategy and international relations Geopolitics Geopolitics studies how physical and human geography influence states' foreign policy, economic choices, military strategy and global interactions, and examines historical and mode…