Geography

Flag of Yemen The national flag of the Republic of Yemen is a horizontal tricolor of red, white and black. Adopted at unification in 1990, it derives from the Arab Liberation Flag and shares pan…

Flag of Zambia The national flag of Zambia: a green field with an orange eagle above red, black and orange vertical stripes at the fly. Adopted at independence in October 1964; colors symbolize l…

Flags of Africa: meanings, history, and notable designs Flags of Africa An overview of African national and regional flags, their common colors and symbols, historical influences, and notable examples that illustrate political and cultural change.

Flags of Asia: symbols, history and notable designs Flags of Asia Survey of Asian national and international flags: common motifs, historical influences, distinctive examples, and the role flags play in identity and diplomacy across Asia.

Flags of North America: national, regional and organizational banners Flags of North America Survey of North American flags: national designs, colonial and indigenous influences, common motifs, uses, and distinctions including territorial and international banners.

Flags of Oceania: symbols, styles, and regional traditions Flags of Oceania Survey of national and territorial flags in Oceania, their common motifs, historical influences, notable examples, and the meanings they convey across Pacific island nations and te…

Flags of South America An overview of South American national and regional flags: common colors and symbols, historical origins, variants for state and civil use, notable examples, and flags of regional…

Flags of the U.S. states and territories Overview of the design, history, and significance of the flags used by the fifty U.S. states, the District of Columbia, and U.S. territories, with notes on distinctive designs and…

Flathead County, Montana Flathead County in northwestern Montana is known for its mountains, lakes and outdoor recreation. It includes Kalispell and parts of Glacier National Park and had 90,928 residents…

Flathead Lake (Montana) Flathead Lake Flathead Lake is a large natural freshwater lake in northwestern Montana, noted for its size, glacial origin, islands such as Wild Horse Island, recreational use, and ecological im…

Fléchin (commune in Pas-de-Calais) Fléchin Fléchin is a small commune in the Pas-de-Calais department of northern France, formerly in Nord-Pas-de-Calais and today part of Hauts-de-France. Rural character, local administrati…

Flée (Sarthe) — commune in the Pays de la Loire region of France Flée, Sarthe Flée is a small rural commune in the Sarthe department of Pays de la Loire, western France. Overview of location, administration, geography, local history, economy, services and vi…

Fleming County, Kentucky: Overview, History, and Notable Features Fleming County, Kentucky Fleming County is a rural county in northeastern Kentucky, established 1798 with seat at Flemingsburg. Known for covered bridges and a dry-county status, it has a small, agricultur…

Flemish Flemish refers to the people, culture and Dutch-language varieties associated with Flanders in northern Belgium; it also denotes political institutions, regional identity, and arti…

Flemish Brabant Flemish Brabant is the Dutch-speaking province in central Belgium that surrounds Brussels; its capital is Leuven, and it combines university research, commuter suburbs and historic…

Flemish Region (Flanders) — Dutch-speaking northern region of Belgium Flemish Region The Flemish Region (Flanders) is the Dutch-speaking northern part of Belgium, consisting of five provinces and major cities such as Antwerp and Ghent. It shares institutions with t…

Flers, Pas-de-Calais (commune in northern France) Flers, Pas-de-Calais Flers is a small French commune in the Pas-de-Calais department. This article summarizes its location, administration, landscape, historical context, economy and distinguishing fea…

Fleurance (commune in Gers, Occitanie, France) Fleurance Fleurance is a market town and commune in the Gers department of Occitanie, southwestern France, known for its medieval bastide layout, agriculture, weekly market and local cultura…

Flevoland Flevoland, the Netherlands' youngest province reclaimed from the IJsselmeer. Capital Lelystad; largest city Almere. Formed by the Zuiderzee Works; notable for polders, planned town…

Flinders Ranges (South Australia) Flinders Ranges A rugged, ancient mountain range in South Australia known for dramatic landscapes, Adnyamathanha heritage, Ediacaran fossils, Wilpena Pound, national parks, and tourism centered on…

Flint Hills A band of rolling, chert-rich hills in eastern Kansas and north-central Oklahoma that conserves large tracts of North America’s tallgrass prairie and supports ranching, research, a…

Flintshire — county in northeast Wales Flintshire Flintshire is a historic and administrative county in northeast Wales, known for its industrial Deeside corridor, market towns such as Mold and Connah's Quay, coastal estuary, and…

Flood — inundation of land by water Flood Floods are temporary overflows of water that submerge land. This article explains causes, types, impacts, historic examples, response measures and cultural significance in a concis…

Floodplain: lands shaped by rivers and seasonal flooding Floodplain A floodplain is the flat land adjacent to a river that periodically floods. It supports fertile soils, diverse ecosystems, and poses both benefits and risks for agriculture, settle…

Florence County, South Carolina Florence County is a county in northeastern South Carolina with Florence as its county seat; it serves as a regional transportation, commercial, and healthcare center for the Pee D…

Flores (island, Indonesia) Flores Flores is an island in the Lesser Sunda Islands of Indonesia, known for volcanic landscapes, coral-rich coasts, diverse cultures and the town of Maumere.

Flores Sea The Flores Sea is a shallow tropical sea in eastern Indonesia, covering about 240,000 km². It lies between the Lesser Sunda Islands and Sulawesi and connects with the Java, Bali, B…

Florida: geography, history, and cultural overview Florida Overview of Florida — its geography as a peninsula, climate, population characteristics, history, economy, and notable features including Everglades, tourism, and cultural diversit…

Florida Bay: shallow lagoon between the Everglades and the Florida Keys Florida Bay Florida Bay is a broad, shallow coastal lagoon between southern Florida and the Florida Keys, noted for its extensive seagrass beds, marine nurseries, and conservation challenges t…

Florida Keys: geography, ecology, history, and travel Florida Keys A concise encyclopedia overview of the Florida Keys: an island chain off southern Florida, its geography, climate, ecology, human settlement, and role as a tourism and conservation…

Florida Panhandle: geography, history, culture, and economy Florida Panhandle The Florida Panhandle is the long northwestern strip of Florida along the Gulf of Mexico, distinct in geography, climate, history and culture from peninsular Florida, with coastal…

Florida Parishes: the Northshore region of southeast Louisiana Florida Parishes The Florida Parishes are eight parishes east of the Mississippi River in southeast Louisiana, historically part of West Florida. This article summarizes their geography, history, c…

Florida Suncoast (West-Central and Southwest Gulf Coast Region) Florida Suncoast Coastal region of west-central and southwest Florida from Tarpon Springs to Naples, including the Tampa Bay Area; noted for beaches, tourism, ports, retirement communities and sens…

Fluntern (Zürich) Fluntern Fluntern is a residential quarter of Zürich’s District 7 in Switzerland, known for green spaces, the Zürich Zoo and the historic Fluntern Cemetery; it was an independent municipali…

Fluvial terrace: formation, types, structure, and importance Fluvial terrace Fluvial terraces are former river floodplains left stranded above modern channels. This article explains their structure (tread and scarp), formation processes, material and origin…

Foglia — river of the Marche region, Italy Foglia Foglia is the northernmost river of Italy’s Marche region, flowing from the Apennine hills to the Adriatic Sea at Pesaro. Known in antiquity as Pisaurus and Isaurus, it shaped loca…

Fold mountains: formation, structure, history and significance Fold mountain Fold mountains are major orogenic belts produced by crustal shortening at convergent margins. This article describes how they form, their structure, historical terminology, example…

Forchheim (district) Forchheim district in Upper Franconia, Bavaria, Germany. Centered on the town of Forchheim, it includes the Regnitz river valley and parts of the Franconian Switzerland nature area…

Forest County, Pennsylvania — overview, geography, history and recreation Forest County, Pennsylvania Forest County is a sparsely populated county in northwest Pennsylvania centered on the borough of Tionesta. Much of its land is forested and used for conservation, recreation and f…

Forest County, Wisconsin — Overview and Key Facts Forest County, Wisconsin Forest County is a sparsely populated, heavily wooded county in north-central Wisconsin. Crandon is the county seat. The area is known for forests, lakes, outdoor recreation, and s…

Forest Glen, Chicago Forest Glen is a residential community area on Chicago's Northwest Side that includes Forest Glen, Edgebrook and Sauganash. It is known for tree-lined streets, historic homes and p…

Forest Hill, London Forest Hill is a residential and cultural district in the London Borough of Lewisham (SE23), known for the Horniman Museum and Gardens, Victorian streets, green spaces and good rai…

Forest Park, Illinois Forest Park is a village in Cook County, Illinois, west of Chicago. Known for its Blue Line terminal and residential neighborhoods, it had a population of 14,167 at the 2010 census…

Forest Park, Ohio Forest Park is a suburban city in southwestern Ohio near Cincinnati, known for residential neighborhoods, parks, municipal services and local retail centers.

Forest Ranch, California Forest Ranch is a small unincorporated, census-designated community in the forested foothills of Butte County, California, characterized by rural residences, outdoor recreation, an…

Forests in the United Kingdom Overview of the United Kingdom's forests: types, history, uses, conservation and notable examples, with links to lists and national resources.

Forks, Washington Small city on the Olympic Peninsula in Washington state, known for its logging history, temperate rainforest setting near Olympic National Park, and as the fictional setting of the…

Former subdivisions of Pakistan Overview of political and administrative units that once existed within Pakistan, including princely states, provinces and territories, major reforms like the One Unit scheme, and…