Organizations

Segunda División de México The Segunda División is a tier of Mexican association football, occupying the third level after mid‑1990s reorganizations; a regionalized, developmental competition with promotion…

Séléka: rebel coalition and its role in the Central African Republic conflict Séléka Séléka was a coalition of rebel groups in the Central African Republic that seized power in 2013, later fractured and became associated with widespread abuses, reprisals, and ongoi…

Sendero Luminoso (Shining Path) Sendero Luminoso Peruvian Maoist insurgent group, formally Partido Comunista del Perú–Sendero Luminoso. Known for a violent insurgency from 1980s, led by Abimael Guzmán; weakened after leadership c…

Service d'exploitation de la formation aéronautique (SEFA) Service d'exploitation de la formation aéronautique French national flight training service run by the DGAC, operating regional flying schools and pilot instruction until its integration into ENAC on 1 January 2011.

Serviciul Român de Informaţii (SRI) — Romania's Domestic Intelligence Service Serviciul Român de Informaţii Romania's domestic intelligence agency responsible for counterintelligence, counterterrorism, cybersecurity and protecting constitutional order; created after 1989 and active in in…

Sesame Workshop Sesame Workshop is a U.S. nonprofit organization that creates research-driven educational media for children, best known for producing Sesame Street and international co-production…

Setanta Sports Setanta Sports is an Irish-origin sports broadcaster that grew into a multi-channel, international network known for live rights and coverage of football, rugby, golf and other com…

Shanghai Cooperation Organisation (SCO) Shanghai Cooperation Organisation Eurasian intergovernmental organisation founded in 2001 to promote security cooperation, political coordination and economic ties across member states; includes founding Central As…

Shanti Bahini — armed wing of the Chittagong Hill Tracts movement Shanti Bahini Shanti Bahini was the armed wing of the Parbatya Chattagram Jana Sanghati Samiti (formed 1972) that sought rights for indigenous peoples in the Chittagong Hill Tracts and largely d…

Shaolin (Temple, Buddhism, and Martial Arts) Shaolin Shaolin denotes the historic Shaolin Temple on Mount Song, the Chan (Zen) Buddhist traditions that developed there, and the diverse martial arts styles known as Shaolin kung fu, in…

Sharsheret: Support for Jewish Women Affected by Breast and Ovarian Cancer Sharsheret (organization) Sharsheret is a US nonprofit that supports Jewish women and their families facing breast and ovarian cancer through peer networks, education, genetic counseling navigation and cult…

SHeDAISY: American country-pop trio of the Osborn sisters SHeDAISY SHeDAISY is an American country-pop trio formed by sisters Kristyn, Kelsi and Kassidy Osborn. They rose to prominence in 1999 with The Whole SHeBANG and several Top 10 country sing…

Shedd Aquarium (John G. Shedd Aquarium) — Chicago public aquarium Shedd Aquarium Historic indoor public aquarium on Chicago's Museum Campus, opened 1930. Renowned for its early saltwater collection, diverse species, award-winning exhibits, conservation work, an…

ShelterBox — emergency shelter and survival kits for displaced families ShelterBox ShelterBox is an international disaster-relief charity that delivers durable tents and tailored survival kits to families made homeless by disasters, conflict, or extreme weather.

Shōtōkai — Association for Gichin Funakoshi’s Shotokan Karate Shōtōkai Shōtōkai is the association formed to preserve and teach the karate of Gichin Funakoshi, emphasizing traditional kata, self‑defense, and budō principles rather than sport competiti…

Sicilian Mafia (Cosa Nostra) Sicilian Mafia Cosa Nostra, commonly known as the Sicilian Mafia, is a criminal organization originating in Sicily that developed a distinctive structure, code, and influence in both illicit and…

Silatech: Qatari Initiative for Youth Employment and Economic Inclusion Silatech Silatech is a Qatar-based NGO founded in 2008 to expand economic opportunities for Arab youth through job creation, entrepreneurship, skills training and partnerships with public a…

Sinaloa Cartel A concise, neutral overview of the Sinaloa Cartel: origins, structure, activities, regional influence, and law-enforcement responses.

Sinn Féin — Irish republican political party Sinn Féin Sinn Féin is an Irish republican, left‑leaning political party active across the island of Ireland. It advocates Irish reunification, takes part in devolved and national elections,…

Six Flags Discovery Kingdom A combined theme park and animal attraction in Vallejo, California, featuring roller coasters, family rides, animal exhibits and live shows; part of the Six Flags chain since 1999.

SkyTeam: Global Airline Alliance Overview SkyTeam SkyTeam is a global airline alliance founded in 2000. This article explains its origins, structure, network, passenger benefits, and its place among major airline alliances.

SkyTeam Cargo SkyTeam Cargo is the freight division composed of the cargo operations of SkyTeam member airlines, coordinating transnational airfreight networks, sales and handling among partner…

Smithsonian Institution: United States museum and research complex Smithsonian Institution The Smithsonian Institution is a U.S. group of museums and research centers, based in Washington, D.C., holding millions of objects and running public programs, scientific research…

Social Democrat Hunchakian Party A historic Armenian socialist party founded in 1887 that played a key role in the Armenian national liberation movement and continues to exist in Armenia and the diaspora.

Socialist Campaign Group (Labour Party parliamentary grouping) Socialist Campaign Group A left-wing grouping of UK Labour MPs formed in 1982 to represent democratic socialist positions in the House of Commons and to provide an organised voice for the party’s hard left…

Socialist International A global association of social democratic, democratic socialist and labour parties that promotes social justice, democratic governance and international cooperation through congres…

Society for American City and Regional Planning History (SACRPH) Society for American City and Regional Planning History An American nonprofit organization founded in 1986 that documents and promotes the historical study of urban and regional planning through publications, awards, conferences, and pu…

Society for Industrial and Applied Mathematics (SIAM) Society for Industrial and Applied Mathematics SIAM is a US-based professional society that advances applied mathematics and computational science through publications, conferences, education, and recognition of research and pr…

Society of Jesus (Jesuits) Society of Jesus The Society of Jesus, or Jesuits, is a Roman Catholic religious congregation founded by Ignatius of Loyola, known for education, missionary work, Ignatian spirituality and a specia…

Society of St. John the Evangelist An Anglican religious community founded in 1866 in Cowley, Oxford. The Society of St. John the Evangelist is known for monastic life, vows of poverty and celibacy, prayer, mission…

Solidarity (Polish trade union, Solidarność) Solidarity (Polish trade union) Solidarity (Solidarność) is the independent Polish trade union founded in 1980 at the Gdańsk Shipyard. It grew into a nationwide social movement that contributed to the end of comm…

Somerville College, Oxford A University of Oxford college founded in 1879 for women; now coeducational. Known for a non-denominational foundation, broad academic provision and many notable alumni in public l…

Sons of Liberty Loose colonial networks that opposed British policies in the 1760s–1770s, best known for protests such as the Boston Tea Party and influential leaders like Samuel Adams and Paul Re…

South Atlantic Peace and Cooperation Zone (ZOPACAS) South Atlantic Peace and Cooperation Zone A UN-backed initiative establishing a denuclearized and cooperative region in the South Atlantic, promoting peace, maritime security, environmental protection and regional collabor…

Southern Christian Leadership Conference U.S. civil-rights organization founded in 1957, led by Martin Luther King Jr., that promoted nonviolent protest, voter registration, and coalition-building to advance social, econo…

Southern Poverty Law Center U.S. civil-rights nonprofit founded in 1971 that litigates against hate groups, maintains a hate-group database, publishes research and educational materials, and provides public e…

Southwestern Athletic Conference (SWAC) Southwestern Athletic Conference Regional collegiate athletic conference of historically Black colleges and universities in the U.S. South, competing in NCAA Division I with a distinct football championship tradit…

Southwestern Moundbuilders (Southwestern College athletics) Southwestern Moundbuilders Athletic program of Southwestern College in Winfield, Kansas. The Moundbuilders compete in the NAIA’s Kansas Collegiate Athletic Conference across multiple men's and women's sports…

Sovereign Military Order of Malta A lay religious order and sovereign subject of international law, founded in medieval Jerusalem to care for the sick; today known for humanitarian work, diplomatic relations, and a…

Soviet Philatelic Association: state role in collecting and stamp distribution Soviet Philatelic Association State-run organization in the USSR that centralized philatelic commerce and promotion, coordinating sales, exhibitions, publications and international exchanges under postal and pa…

Spartacus League (Spartakusbund) — German Marxist revolutionary group Spartacus League Left-wing revolutionary movement in Germany during World War I and the 1918–19 revolution; founded by figures such as Rosa Luxemburg and Karl Liebknecht and later forming the KPD.

Special Branch (UK police units for national security) Special Branch Special Branch refers to UK police units that gather intelligence on subversion and terrorism, work with MI5 and the Home Office, and perform protective and investigative duties at…

Special Operations Executive (SOE) — British wartime clandestine service Special Operations Executive British World War II organisation formed in 1940 to carry out espionage, sabotage and support for resistance movements behind Axis lines; dissolved in 1946 and remembered for its h…

Sponsor: Types, Roles, History, and Modern Uses Sponsor A sponsor provides monetary, material, promotional or volunteer support to events, organizations or individuals. This article explains forms, roles, historical background, examples…

Spurgeon's — English children's charity founded by Charles Spurgeon Spurgeon's Spurgeon's is a UK charity founded in 1867 by Charles Spurgeon to care for fatherless children; it now delivers family support, fostering and international projects across Mexico,…

SpVgg Greuther Fürth — German football club from Fürth, Bavaria SpVgg Greuther Fürth SpVgg Greuther Fürth is a historic German football club from Fürth, Bavaria, known for pre-Bundesliga championships, the green clover emblem, and its first Bundesliga season after…

St Albans School — historic independent school in Hertfordshire St Albans School An overview of St Albans School: its origins, development, educational character, notable alumni and the debate over its claim as one of Britain's oldest schools.

St Anne's College, University of Oxford St Anne's College, Oxford A constituent college of the University of Oxford, originally founded in 1879 to support women's higher education; granted a Royal Charter in 1952 and now a coeducational college o…