Organizations

PRIDE Fighting Championships PRIDE Fighting Championships was a major Japanese mixed martial arts promotion (1997–2007), noted for tournament Grand Prix events, distinctive rules and presentation, and an inter…

Pro Football Hall of Fame Museum and honor roll for professional American football, opened in Canton, Ohio in 1963. It preserves league history, enshrines players and coaches, and hosts the sport’s annual H…

Professional Air Traffic Controllers Organization (1968–1981) Professional Air Traffic Controllers Organization (1968) American trade union for federal air traffic controllers (founded 1968), best known for the 1981 illegal strike, mass firings, decertification, and its lasting effects on labor rel…

Professional Golfers Association (PGA): Roles, Structure and Global Variants Professional Golfers Association An overview of Professional Golfers Associations (PGAs): their purpose, organization, history, relationship with tours, and distinctions from women's bodies such as the LPGA.

Progressive National Baptist Convention A historically African-American Baptist body formed in the early 1960s that emphasizes civil rights, social justice, and community ministry, with congregations in the U.S. and abro…

Project Syndicate: global opinion and syndication network Project Syndicate Project Syndicate is a non-profit syndication service that commissions, translates and distributes opinion columns and analysis worldwide through a large network of partner publica…

Protest the Hero — Canadian progressive metal band Protest the Hero Protest the Hero is a Canadian progressive metal band from Whitby, Ontario, noted for technical musicianship, concept-driven albums, and a successful 2013 crowdfunding campaign tha…

Providence College Private Roman Catholic college in Providence, Rhode Island, founded by the Dominican Order in 1917; noted for liberal arts teaching, undergraduate programs and Division I athletics…

Provisional Irish Republican Army Irish republican paramilitary organization (PIRA or Provos) active mainly during the Troubles aiming to end British rule in Northern Ireland and achieve a united Ireland through ar…

Punjabi Wikipedia (Gurmukhi and Shahmukhi editions) Punjabi Wikipedia The Punjabi-language editions of Wikipedia, published in Gurmukhi and Shahmukhi scripts, provide free encyclopedic content for Punjabi speakers across India and Pakistan and suppor…

PuntuLLI (dot LLI) — Leonese language and culture top-level domain initiative PuntuLLI PuntuLLI is an association promoting a .LLI top-level domain to support the Leonese language and cultural identity online through dedicated domains, community outreach and formal r…

Purdue University: Overview, History, Academics, and Impact Purdue University Comprehensive encyclopedia article on Purdue University — its history as a land-grant institution, campus and organization, academic programs, research profile, notable alumni, and…

Pussy Riot: Russian feminist punk protest collective Pussy Riot Pussy Riot is a Russian feminist punk performance collective formed in Moscow in 2011, known for masked public actions, a high-profile 2012 trial, international solidarity campaign…

Qatar Foundation for Education, Science and Community Development Qatar Foundation Qatar Foundation is a Qatari non-profit focusing on education, research, innovation and community programs, known for Education City, research parks, international university partn…

Questacon — the National Science and Technology Centre (Canberra) Questacon Questacon is Australia’s national science centre on the southern shore of Lake Burley Griffin in Canberra, featuring hands-on exhibits, demonstrations and education programs for al…

Questia Online Library: a subscription research library for humanities and social sciences Questia Online Library Overview of Questia Online Library, a subscription-based digital research service emphasizing full-text books and articles in humanities and social sciences, its features, limits,…

Rachel Corrie Foundation for Peace and Justice American human rights organization in Olympia, Washington, founded in 2003 to promote peace, justice, and grassroots advocacy in memory of Rachel Corrie.

RAND Corporation RAND Corporation is a nonprofit, nonpartisan policy research organization founded after World War II to provide analysis on defense, public policy, science and social issues worldw…

Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh (RSS) Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh Indian volunteer organisation founded in 1925 promoting Hindu cultural nationalism (Hindutva); active in social work, education and politics and subject to controversy and debate.

RATP Group — Paris public transport operator RATP Group RATP Group (Régie autonome des transports Parisiens) is the state-owned operator of large parts of the public transport network in the Paris region, managing metro, buses, trams an…

Real Irish Republican Army (Real IRA) Real Irish Republican Army Paramilitary group formed in the late 1990s after a split from the Provisional IRA, opposing the peace process; responsible for violent attacks including the 1998 Omagh bombing and…

Rebel Alliance (Alliance to Restore the Republic) Rebel Alliance Fictional coalition in the Star Wars universe formed to resist the Galactic Empire and restore representative government, noted for guerrilla tactics, iconic characters, and key vi…

Recorded Music NZ (formerly RIANZ) Recorded Music NZ Recorded Music NZ is New Zealand’s non-profit trade association for record producers, distributors and artists. It administers industry charts, sales certifications and advocates f…

Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA) Recording Industry Association of America U.S. trade organization representing major record companies; known for music-industry advocacy, anti-piracy efforts, sales certification (gold/platinum), and technical standards.

Recording Industry Association of Japan (RIAJ): history, role and certifications Recording Industry Association of Japan Japanese trade association for record companies, founded 1942. RIAJ publishes industry statistics, promotes sales, enforces copyright policy, combats piracy and issues Gold/Platinu…

Red Army Faction (RAF) — West German militant left-wing group Red Army Faction West German far-left militant organization active 1970–1993, known as the Baader–Meinhof Group. Advocated urban guerrilla warfare against state and capitalist institutions; central…

Regis High School (Cedar Rapids) Former Catholic secondary school in Cedar Rapids, Iowa, located at 735 Prairie Drive NE; merged with LaSalle High School in 1998 to form Xavier High School.

Reichssicherheitshauptamt (RSHA) — Reich Security Main Office Reichssicherheitshauptamt RSHA was the central Nazi security and intelligence agency (1939–1945) that combined the SD, Gestapo and criminal police to coordinate internal repression, intelligence and mass cr…

REN21 — Renewable Energy Policy Network for the 21st Century REN21 REN21 is a global policy network that connects governments, industry and experts to accelerate renewable energy through analysis, reports and multilateral collaboration.

Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute: History, Academics, and Notable Facts Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute Private research university in Troy, New York, founded in 1824 by Stephen Van Rensselaer. Known for engineering and applied science, EMPAC arts center, industry ties, and Division…

Reporters Without Borders (Reporters Sans Frontières) — press freedom NGO Reporters Without Borders International non-governmental organisation defending press freedom, assisting journalists, and publishing the World Press Freedom Index; founded in 1985 and headquartered in Paris…

Republic of Molossia A self-declared micronation established by Kevin Baugh near Dayton, Nevada; a privately owned miniature state with ceremonial institutions, a small territory and public outreach.

Republican Governors Association A bipartisan (partisan) U.S. political organization for Republican governors, its structure, history, leadership, activities, and how it differs from nonpartisan gubernatorial grou…

Republican National Committee The Republican National Committee (RNC) is the national organizing body of the U.S. Republican Party, coordinating strategy, fundraising, conventions, and support for candidates an…

Residentie Orchestra (The Hague Philharmonic) Residentie Orchestra Professional symphony orchestra based in The Hague, Netherlands, known for wide-ranging repertoire, historical roots in the city's governmental 'residence' and international tourin…

Robert J. Dole Institute of Politics Nonpartisan center at the University of Kansas founded by Senator Bob Dole in 2003. Hosts public programs, preserves Dole’s papers, and promotes civic engagement, leadership and po…

Rock and Roll Hall of Fame American museum and hall of fame documenting the history and influence of rock and related popular music, its artists, producers, collections, induction process, and cultural signi…

Rockefeller University Private graduate and postdoctoral research university in New York City focused on biomedical and clinical science; known for concentrated labs, a clinical research hospital, and it…

Roller Coaster DataBase (RCDB) Roller Coaster DataBase An independent, comprehensive online catalogue of roller coasters and amusement parks, documenting technical data, photos, histories and operating status for thousands of rides wor…

Rollins College Private liberal arts college in Winter Park, Florida, founded 1885. Known for small classes, a lakeside campus, undergraduate majors and graduate programs, and regional academic ac…

Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Concepción (Chile) Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Concepción Metropolitan see of the Catholic Church based in Concepción, Chile, centered on the Cathedral of the Immaculate Conception; oversees regional parishes, education and social ministr…

Roman Curia — central administration of the Catholic Church Roman Curia The Roman Curia is the ensemble of departments that assist the pope in governing the Catholic Church and managing Vatican City affairs, including diplomatic, judicial, pastoral, an…

Ronald and Nancy Reagan Research Institute A research institute founded by Ronald and Nancy Reagan and dedicated in 1995, affiliated with the Alzheimer's Association; it supports research, training, and public awareness of…

Royal Academy (Royal Academy of Arts) Royal Academy Independent, self-governing institution for visual arts in London, known for its artist membership, exhibitions and schools since the late 18th century.

Royal Asiatic Society Learn about the Royal Asiatic Society — its purpose, history, membership, publications, and role in promoting the study of Asia across disciplines.

Royal College of Organists: history, role, and resources Royal College of Organists British professional body supporting organists and choral musicians worldwide, offering examinations, diplomas, concerts and a large specialist library.

Royal College of Physicians Founded by royal charter in 1518, the Royal College of Physicians is a UK professional body that sets clinical standards, administers postgraduate assessment, supports education an…

Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland (RCSI) — overview and history Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland RCSI is a professional medical college founded in 1784 in Dublin. It provides undergraduate and postgraduate education in medicine and surgery, conducts clinical training and resea…