Conservation Biology

Alburnoides bipunctatus — European spirlin: description, habitat, and conservation Alburnoides bipunctatus Overview of Alburnoides bipunctatus (European spirlin): identification, habitat, range, diet, spawning behavior and conservation concerns for riverine populations across Europe and…

Altiphrynoides: Ethiopian highland toads Altiphrynoides Altiphrynoides is a small genus of toads endemic to the highlands of south-central Ethiopia, notable for egg-laying reproduction and conservation concerns from habitat loss.

American bison: biology, ecology, history, and significance American bison Overview of the American bison (Bison bison), its biology, habitat, historical decline and recovery, ecological role, cultural importance, and distinctions from other ‘buffalo’ spe…

Amphibian: biology, life cycle, evolution and conservation Amphibian Overview of amphibians (class Amphibia): major groups, anatomy, life cycle, fossil origins, diversity, habitats and modern conservation challenges.

Arapaima (pirarucu, paiche): Large Amazonian bonytongue fish Arapaima Arapaima are very large freshwater bonytongue fish native to South American river basins, noted for air-breathing, thick scales, economic importance, and conservation concerns.

Asiatic lion (Panthera leo persica) Asiatic lion A subspecies of lion native to South Asia, the Asiatic lion is now confined to a small region of India and is the focus of conservation due to its endangered status and limited ran…

Badger — natural history, behavior, and relationships with people Badger Badgers are short-legged, burrowing mustelids found across much of the world. This article summarizes their biology, common species, behavior, burrows (setts), cultural roles, and…

Basking shark (Cetorhinus maximus) Basking shark Large, slow-moving filter-feeding shark found in temperate seas worldwide, reaching about 12 m. Feeds on plankton at the surface; historically hunted and now subject to conservatio…

Bearded seal (Erignathus barbatus): Arctic pinniped overview Bearded seal A concise encyclopedia article on the bearded seal, covering appearance, behavior, distribution, fossil record, ecology, and conservation in the Arctic.

Berlin Zoological Garden Major zoological park in Berlin founded in 1844, noted for its extensive species collection, historic and modern architecture, wartime history, conservation work, and public role i…

Bighorn sheep (Ovis canadensis): ecology, characteristics, and conservation Bighorn sheep Overview of the bighorn sheep (Ovis canadensis): appearance, behavior, habitat across western North America, recognized subspecies, threats, and conservation responses.

Bilby (rabbit-eared bandicoot): appearance, behavior and conservation Bilby The bilby is a nocturnal, burrowing marsupial of arid Australia. This article covers its appearance, ecology, threats, conservation actions and cultural significance.

Bird nest: types, construction, and ecological role Bird nest Overview of bird nests: common forms, building materials, functions, size extremes, nest-site choices, behavior, threats and conservation measures for nesting birds.

Bison: overview, appearance, habitat, history and conservation Bison Large shaggy bovines of the genus Bison found in North America and Europe. Covers physical traits, habitat, ecological role, cultural importance, conservation history and how they…

Blephilia: wood mints of eastern North America Blephilia Blephilia is a small genus of three perennial herbaceous plants in the mint family native to eastern North America, known for tubular, two-lipped flowers, aromatic foliage, pollina…

Blue peafowl (Indian peafowl) Blue peafowl Large, colorful pheasant native to the Indian subcontinent, known for the male's iridescent blue plumage and long train used in courtship displays. Covers appearance, behavior, his…

Butterfly: biology, life cycle, evolution, and human interactions Butterfly An accessible overview of butterflies: their classification, anatomy, life cycle, evolution with flowering plants, roles as pollinators, and human interest and conservation.

Capybara (Hydrochoerus hydrochaeris): the world's largest semi‑aquatic rodent Capybara An illustrated encyclopedia-style overview of the capybara: appearance, behaviour, habitat, relationships to other rodents, interactions with people, and conservation consideration…

Celestus microblepharis — a Jamaican galliwasp species Celestus microblepharis An overview of Celestus microblepharis, a lizard species endemic to Jamaica; covers identification, habitat, taxonomy, and conservation notes.

Chinese mountain cat (Felis bieti) Chinese mountain cat A little-known small wildcat native to the high plateaus of western China. Covers appearance, behavior, taxonomy debates, habitat, threats and conservation measures.

Deer (Cervidae): overview, characteristics, distribution and human interactions Deer Deer are hoofed mammals of the family Cervidae. This article summarizes their biology, antlers, distribution, behavior, relationships with people, and conservation issues.

Dung beetle: ecology, behavior, taxonomy and human significance Dung beetle Dung beetles are scarab beetles that feed on mammal feces. They play key ecological roles—recycling nutrients, reducing pests, and aerating soil—and show diverse behaviors and rema…

Puma (Puma concolor): biology, behavior, range and conservation Puma Overview of the puma (Puma concolor): appearance, taxonomy, range across the Americas, diet and hunting, reproduction, human interactions, threats and conservation measures.

Zieria adenophora (Araluen Zieria) Zieria adenophora A small, locally endemic shrub known only from a slope above Araluen Creek, New South Wales. Rediscovered in the 1980s, it is notable for extreme rarity and focused conservation at…