Government

Division of Hotham (Australian federal electoral division) Division of Hotham Australian federal electoral division in south-eastern Melbourne, created 1969 and named for Governor Sir Charles Hotham; covers residential suburbs and returns a member to the Hou…

Division of Hunter (Australian federal electoral division) Division of Hunter A federal electoral division in northern New South Wales covering much of the Hunter Valley. Created in 1901, it is historically linked to mining, agriculture and regional communit…

Division of Jagajaga An Australian federal electoral division in north‑eastern Melbourne, created in 1984 and named for three Wurundjeri elders associated with the 1835 Batman Treaty.

Division of Kennedy (Australian federal electoral division) Division of Kennedy A federal electoral division in rural and outback Queensland, created in 1901 and named for explorer Edmund Kennedy; covers a vast, sparsely populated area that includes many regio…

Division of Lalor (Australian federal electoral division) Division of Lalor Australian federal electoral division in Victoria covering outer western suburbs of Melbourne including Werribee, Point Cook and Melton; created in 1949 and named for Peter Lalor.

Division of Lilley (Australian federal electoral division) Division of Lilley Federal electoral division in northeastern Brisbane, Queensland. Created 1913 and named for Sir Charles Lilley, it covers coastal and inner-northern suburbs and has been a politica…

Division of Lingiari: vast federal electorate of the Northern Territory Division of Lingiari An Australian federal electoral division created in 2000, covering almost all of the Northern Territory and several external territories. Named for Gurindji elder and activist Vinc…

Division of Lowe (Australian federal electoral division) Division of Lowe Former federal electorate in inner-west Sydney, created in 1949 and abolished in 2009; named for Robert Lowe and long held by Sir William McMahon.

Division of Lyne Australian federal electoral division on the Mid North Coast of New South Wales, created in 1949 and named for Sir William Lyne; includes Port Macquarie and surrounding towns and h…

Division of Nepean (Australian federal electorate) Division of Nepean Former federal electorate in western New South Wales (1949–1993). Named for Evan Nepean, it covered suburbs from Granville to Penrith and underwent several redistributions.

Division of New England (Australian federal electorate) Division of New England A federal electoral division in northern New South Wales established in 1901, covering rural towns such as Armidale and Tamworth and named for the New England region near the Queen…

Division of Oxley (Australian federal electorate) Division of Oxley Federal electoral division in south-west Brisbane and parts of Ipswich, Queensland. Created in 1949 and named for explorer John Oxley; it returns one member to the House of Represe…

Division of Port Adelaide Former Australian federal electoral division in South Australia (1949–2019) centred on the working port and surrounding industrial and residential suburbs of Adelaide.

Division of Reid (Australian federal electoral division) Division of Reid An inner-west Sydney federal electorate created in 1922, named for Sir George Reid. Covers a mix of residential, industrial and commercial suburbs including Sydney Olympic Park and…

Division of South Sydney (Australian federal electorate, 1901–1934) Division of South Sydney A former Australian federal electoral division in southern Sydney, created for the first Parliament in 1901 and abolished in 1934; replaced by the Division of Watson.

Division of Spence A federal electoral division in outer northern Adelaide, South Australia, named for reformer Catherine Helen Spence; created in a recent redistribution and represented in the House…

Division of St George (Australian federal electoral division) Division of St George Former Australian federal electoral division in southern Sydney, New South Wales. Created 1949 and abolished 1993; covered suburbs including Hurstville, Rockdale and Arncliffe and…

Division of Sturt (federal electorate in South Australia) Division of Sturt Australian federal electoral division in Adelaide's eastern suburbs, established 1949 and named for explorer Charles Sturt. Covers Burnside, Campbelltown and other eastern suburbs;…

Division of Swan (Australian federal electoral division) Division of Swan Federal electoral division in Perth, Western Australia, named for the Swan River; created in 1901 and now covering inner southern and eastern suburbs with a varied urban profile an…

Division of Sydney: boundaries, history and political profile Division of Sydney Federal electoral division covering inner-city Sydney and nearby islands; created in 1969, named for the city of Sydney and including inner suburbs, Port Jackson isles and Lord How…

Division of Wannon An Australian federal electoral division in south-west Victoria, encompassing coastal and inland towns, national parks and agricultural regions. Established at federation and named…

Division of Wentworth (Australian federal electorate) Division of Wentworth An inner-eastern Sydney federal electoral division created in 1901, named for William Charles Wentworth; small in area, affluent and closely watched in national politics.

Division of Werriwa A federal electoral division in New South Wales created at Federation in 1901, named for the Aboriginal name of Lake George; now a suburban electorate in south-west Sydney with a l…

Division of West Sydney (Australian federal electoral division) Division of West Sydney Former Australian federal electorate in inner-west Sydney, created for the 1901 Parliament and abolished in 1968; covered working-class, industrial and maritime suburbs including P…

Division of Wide Bay An original Australian federal electoral division in southeast Queensland, established for the 1901 election. Covers coastal and inland communities including Maryborough, Gympie, N…

Division of Wills (Australian federal electoral division) Division of Wills Federal electorate in northern Melbourne, Victoria, named for William John Wills. Covers Brunswick, Coburg, Pascoe Vale and nearby suburbs; created in 1949 and notable in national…

Division of Wright — Australian federal electoral division in Queensland Division of Wright A federal electoral division in Queensland created in 2010, covering inland areas west of the Gold Coast, including Beaudesert and Boonah; named for poet and environmentalist Judit…

Doge: the elected chief of the medieval Italian maritime republics Doge Doge was the title for the elected head of certain medieval Italian republics, most famously Venice and Genoa. It derives from Latin dux and combined ceremonial dignity with limite…

Dorgon — Manchu Prince and Qing Regent (1612–1650) Dorgon Dorgon (1612–1650) was a Manchu prince of the Aisin Gioro clan who served as regent in the early Qing dynasty and played a leading role in the conquest and consolidation of China.

Drug Enforcement Administration (DEA) Drug Enforcement Administration The DEA is a United States federal law enforcement agency within the Department of Justice that enforces controlled substance laws, conducts investigations, and coordinates interna…

Drummond (provincial electoral district) Former provincial electoral district in Centre‑du‑Québec, Quebec, centered on Drummondville; it elected members to the National Assembly and included several surrounding municipali…

Dry county (United States): local alcohol prohibition policies Dry county A dry county is a U.S. county or local jurisdiction that restricts or forbids the retail sale of alcoholic beverages. Policies vary by place and affect commerce, law, and local cul…

Dual monarchy: shared crowns and separate states Dual monarchy A dual monarchy is a political arrangement in which two separate monarchies share a single sovereign while keeping distinct institutions. Overview, characteristics, history, exampl…

Duchy of Bouillon: a small independent polity centered on Bouillon Castle Duchy of Bouillon A compact history and overview of the Duchy of Bouillon, a small polity centered on Bouillon in the Ardennes, its rulers, legal status within the Holy Roman Empire, revolutionary c…

Duchy of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha A 19th–20th century German dual duchy ruled by the Ernestine branch of the House of Wettin, notable for dynastic ties across Europe and dissolution after World War I.

Duke (noble rank): origin, rank, inheritance and modern role Duke A duke is a high hereditary noble rank. This article explains its origins, how it compares with other titles, styles of address, inheritance patterns, historical examples and moder…

Duke of Cambridge A royal dukedom in the British peerage traditionally granted to close male members of the royal family; since 2011 it has been held by Prince William, with his son Prince George as…

Duke of Edinburgh A substantive British royal dukedom named for Edinburgh, created three times since 1726; held by senior royals including Prince Philip and later Prince Edward, and associated with…

Duke of York — British royal dukedom Duke of York A senior British royal title traditionally granted to the monarch's second son; long history from medieval England to the present, with distinctive rank, protocols, and historical…

Duma Duma: a term for deliberative councils in Russian and Slavic history and for Ukrainian epic song traditions. Covers modern State Duma, earlier advisory and parliamentary bodies, fu…

Ealdorman (Anglo-Saxon royal official) Ealdorman Ealdorman: a senior Anglo-Saxon royal official who governed shires as administrator, judge and military leader. Predecessor to the later English earls, active from early medieval t…

Earl Marshal (United Kingdom) Earl Marshal Senior Great Officer of State who organises state ceremonies and oversees heraldry; the hereditary office held by the Dukes of Norfolk with specific duties for coronations, state f…

Eisenhower Executive Office Building Historic Second Empire–style U.S. government office building next to the White House, built 1871–1888, home to executive branch offices and a National Historic Landmark.

Elections in Azerbaijan: system, institutions, and political context Elections in Azerbaijan Overview of how presidential and parliamentary elections operate in Azerbaijan, electoral structure, party landscape, administration, and notable developments.

Electorate of Brunswick-Lüneburg (Electorate of Hanover) Electorate of Brunswick-Lüneburg A principality of the Holy Roman Empire elevated to an electorate in 1692; ruled by the House of Welf and later in personal union with Great Britain, it became the Kingdom of Hanov…

Embassy: Role, Structure, Legal Status, and Modern Functions Embassy An embassy is a country's official diplomatic mission in another state. This article explains its purpose, organization, legal protections, differences from consulates, and evolvin…

Emblem of Afghanistan Overview and history of Afghanistan's national emblem: its common elements, historical changes across regimes, symbolism, and how it appears on the flag.

National Emblem of Algeria Emblem of Algeria The national emblem of Algeria is the official state seal: a composite symbol combining Islamic, cultural and economic motifs. It was standardized after independence and revised in…