Geography

Hunt County, Texas Hunt County is a county in northeastern Texas with county seat Greenville. Established in the mid-19th century, it blends agriculture, manufacturing, education and growing suburban…

Hunterdon County, New Jersey: overview, history and notable features Hunterdon County, New Jersey Hunterdon County is a largely rural county in western New Jersey. This article summarizes its geography, history, communities, economy and notable facts, including the county seat…

Hunting Formation (Somerset Island, Nunavut) Hunting Formation Mesoproterozoic stratigraphic unit on Somerset Island, Nunavut, preserving simple eukaryotic algal fossils; notable for evidence interpreted as sexual reproduction around 1.2 billi…

Huntingdon County, Pennsylvania Huntingdon County is a mostly rural county in central Pennsylvania, with a small population centered on the borough of Huntingdon. It features Appalachian ridges, the Juniata River…

Hunza District — mountainous district of Gilgit‑Baltistan, Pakistan Hunza District Hunza District is a mountainous administrative district in Gilgit‑Baltistan, northern Pakistan, formed in 2015 with Karimabad as its administrative centre. Known for high peaks, gl…

Hunza River — glacier-fed river in Gilgit‑Baltistan, Pakistan Hunza River Hunza River in Gilgit‑Baltistan, Pakistan, is a glacier‑fed river draining several Karakoram valleys; it flows past Gilgit city and joins the Gilgit River, forming part of the Indu…

Hunza Valley: geography, culture, and mountain landscapes of northern Pakistan Hunza Valley High-altitude valley in northern Pakistan known for dramatic Karakoram peaks, historic hill towns like Karimabad and Aliabad, terraced orchards, glaciers and tourism along the Kara…

Huron River (Michigan) A river in southeastern Michigan that begins in the Huron Swamp at Indian Springs Metropark and flows southeast to Lake Erie, known for its dams, recreation, and conservation effor…

Hurricane Allen (1980): powerful Category 5 Atlantic hurricane Hurricane Allen Hurricane Allen was a major and long-lived Category 5 Atlantic hurricane in August 1980 that struck the Caribbean, Mexico and southern Texas, causing heavy damage and more than 200…

Hurricane belt The hurricane belt is the region of the Atlantic and adjacent waters where tropical cyclones commonly form and travel during the Atlantic hurricane season.

Hurricane Bob (1985) A mid‑July 1985 hurricane that formed in the eastern Gulf of Mexico, struck southwestern Florida as a tropical storm, later became a hurricane and made landfall near Beaufort, Sout…

Hurricane Chantal (1989) A Category 1 Atlantic hurricane that struck eastern Texas on August 1, 1989, causing casualties and significant coastal and inland flooding from the Gulf Coast into the Midwest.

Hurricane Charley (August 2004) Hurricane Charley A rapidly intensifying Category 4 hurricane in August 2004 that produced a narrow corridor of extreme wind damage across southwestern Florida and caused significant economic loss a…

Hurricane Dog (1950): Category 5 Atlantic storm and its impacts Hurricane Dog (1950) Hurricane Dog was a powerful Category 5 hurricane in the 1950 Atlantic season that struck the Leeward Islands and brushed New England coasts, causing major damage in Antigua and fa…

Hurricane Fico (1978) — long-lived Pacific storm that affected Hawaii Hurricane Fico Hurricane Fico was a long-lived major Pacific tropical cyclone in 1978 that tracked across the central North Pacific and produced damaging surf, rain, and coastal impacts in parts…

Hurricane Floyd (1987) Short-lived Atlantic hurricane in October 1987 that made U.S. landfall, crossing Cuba and southern Florida before becoming extratropical; produced tornadoes and rip currents with o…

Hurricane Igor (2010) — Major Atlantic hurricane impacting Newfoundland Hurricane Igor Hurricane Igor was a large, powerful Category 4 Atlantic hurricane in September 2010. It passed near Bermuda, then struck Newfoundland, causing roughly $200 million in damage and l…

Hurricane Klaus (1990): brief history and impacts Hurricane Klaus Hurricane Klaus was a short-lived, weak hurricane in the 1990 Atlantic season that passed near parts of the Lesser Antilles and whose remnants later affected the southeastern Unite…

Hurricane Kyle (2008): formation, impacts, and aftermath Hurricane Kyle (2008) Summary of Hurricane Kyle (2008), a slow-moving storm that produced heavy rains over the Caribbean and New England before striking Nova Scotia as a mild hurricane.

Hurricane Lenny (1999): the "Wrong Way" Caribbean hurricane Hurricane Lenny Hurricane Lenny was an unusual and powerful late‑season Atlantic hurricane in November 1999 that tracked eastward across the Caribbean, causing significant damage to Puerto Rico an…

Hurricane Mitch: 1998 Atlantic storm that devastated Central America Hurricane Mitch Hurricane Mitch (October 1998) was one of the most powerful and deadliest Atlantic storms, causing catastrophic flooding and landslides across Central America with a death toll est…

Hurricane Roxanne (October 1995) Hurricane Roxanne Hurricane Roxanne was a powerful October 1995 storm that struck Mexico's Yucatán Peninsula, producing heavy rain, flooding and widespread damage; its name was retired and later rep…

Hvítá — the White River of Iceland Hvítá Hvítá is a glacier‑fed river in western Iceland, rising on Langjökull and known for Gullfoss waterfall, tributary confluences, and its continuation into the Ölfusá estuary near Sel…

Hyde County, South Dakota Hyde County is a sparsely populated county in central South Dakota with county seat Highmore. Created in 1873, it had 1,420 residents at the 2010 census and is largely agricultural…

Hyderabad District (Sindh, Pakistan) Hyderabad District Hyderabad District is an administrative district in Sindh province, Pakistan, centered on the historic city of Hyderabad. It is a densely populated, economically diverse district w…

Hydroelectricity and dams in the Dominican Republic Overview of hydroelectric generation and dam infrastructure in the Dominican Republic, including characteristics, history, uses, environmental effects, and future challenges.

Hydrography: the measurement and charting of inland and marine waters Hydrography Hydrography is the branch of geography and earth science that measures and describes physical characteristics of waters for navigation, resource management, and environmental monit…

Hyōgo Prefecture, Japan Hyōgo Prefecture Hyōgo Prefecture is a diverse prefecture in Japan's Kansai region, centered on the port city of Kobe. It spans coastal plains, islands and mountains and is known for Himeji Castle,…

Hyperbolic geometry: overview, models, history and applications Hyperbolic geometry Hyperbolic geometry is the study of spaces with constant negative curvature where Euclid’s parallel postulate fails; it has distinctive triangle geometry, several standard models,…

Hyūga Province — historic province of Japan Hyūga Province Former province on Kyūshū corresponding largely to modern Miyazaki Prefecture. Known as Hyūga no kuni (also Nisshū or Kōshū); bordered Bungo, Higo, Ōsumi and Satsuma and centered n…

Iacobeni, Suceava Iacobeni is a rural commune in Suceava County, northeastern Romania, set within the historical region of Bukovina and known for its traditional mountain landscapes, local crafts, a…

Ialomița River: Bucegi Mountains to the Danube in southern Romania Ialomița (river) Ialomița River in southern Romania rises in the Bucegi Mountains and flows south through Târgoviște and Slobozia across the Wallachian Plain to join the Danube, shaping landscapes…

Iași County — Geography, History and Cultural Role in Moldavia, Romania Iași County Iași County in northeastern Romania is a historic and cultural center of Moldavia, anchored by the city of Iași. It is known for universities, landmarks, and a mixed economy of ind…

Ibarrolle — commune in Pyrénées-Atlantiques, France Ibarrolle Ibarrolle is a small rural commune in the Pyrénées-Atlantiques département of southwestern France, within the French Basque Country, noted for pastoral landscapes, Basque heritage…

Iberia Parish, Louisiana Iberia Parish is a parish in southern Louisiana centered on New Iberia. Known for Cajun and Creole culture, sugarcane agriculture, seafood, and Avery Island (Tabasco), it blends co…

Iberian Peninsula: geography, history, languages and modern significance Iberian Peninsula The Iberian Peninsula in southwestern Europe: its geography, major features, historical development from ancient times to modern states, languages, biodiversity and cultural import…

Ibi River (Ibi-gawa): a tributary of the Kiso River in Japan Ibi River The Ibi River (Ibi-gawa) flows through Gifu and Mie Prefectures into the Kiso River system. Noted for its role in the Nōbi Plain, flood control, agriculture and historical river tr…

Iceland: North Atlantic island nation of volcanoes, glaciers and sagas Iceland An overview of Iceland: location, geology, history, society and economy, with notes on culture, renewable energy and notable natural features.

Ida‑Viru County Ida-Viru County Ida‑Viru County in northeastern Estonia is an industrial and coastal region centered on Jõhvi, noted for oil shale industry, a multicultural population, 8 municipalities and 217 vi…

Idrijca: a river of western Slovenia and its natural park Idrijca Idrijca is a western Slovenian river and left tributary of the Soča, notable for karst features, biodiversity and the Upper Idrijca Natural Park protecting its upper course near Id…

Idron — commune in Pyrénées-Atlantiques, southwestern France Idron Idron is a suburban commune near Pau in the Pyrénées-Atlantiques department of southwestern France, known for its Béarn heritage, residential character and proximity to the Pyrenea…

Ifriqiya: Medieval North African Province and Its Historical Legacy Ifriqiya Ifriqiya was the medieval name for the Mediterranean coastal region of North Africa (roughly modern Tunisia, eastern Algeria and western Libya), with roots in the Roman province of…

Iga Province (Iga no kuni) — historical province of Japan Iga Province Iga Province was a historic region of central Honshū, now part of Mie Prefecture, noted for its mountainous terrain, distinctive local culture and its association with the Iga scho…

Igavere, Harju County (Estonia) Igavere, Harju County Igavere is a small rural village in Raasiku Parish, Harju County, in northern Estonia. It forms part of Estonia’s local municipal structure and exemplifies typical rural settlement…

Iguaçu Falls: Geography, Ecology, History, and Visitor Guide Iguaçu Falls Iguaçu Falls is a vast waterfall complex on the Argentina–Brazil border, fed by the Iguaçu River. Known for roughly 275 cataracts, the Devil's Throat, subtropical rainforest and pr…

Iki Province (Iki no Kuni) — historical island province of Japan Iki Province Iki Province (Iki no Kuni), also called Isshū, was a Japanese island province centered on Iki Island. Located near Kyūshū in the Tsushima Strait, it has a long maritime history and…

Ilam District, Nepal Ilam District Ilam District in eastern Nepal is a hilly agricultural region best known for tea production, temperate scenery, and cultural sites. The district reported 290,254 residents in the 2…

Île-de-Bréhat — island and commune off the coast of Brittany, France Île-de-Bréhat Île-de-Bréhat is a small car‑free archipelago and commune off northern Brittany, France, famed for its mild microclimate, abundant flowers, granite islets, lighthouses and seaside…