Organizations

Grand Ole Opry Long-running weekly country music stage show and radio program from Nashville, known for its historic venue, roster of stars and the tradition of Opry membership.

Gray's Inn — one of the Inns of Court in London Gray's Inn Gray's Inn is one of the four historic Inns of Court in central London, a professional society for barristers that provides training, accommodation, governance, and ceremonial func…

Great Lakes Colleges Association: Consortium of Independent Liberal Arts Colleges Great Lakes Colleges Association Overview of the Great Lakes Colleges Association, a consortium of independent liberal arts colleges in the Great Lakes region that share academic programs, faculty development, res…

Greek Orthodox Church of Antioch An ancient Eastern Orthodox patriarchate originating in Antioch, now seated in Damascus; uses the Byzantine rite and serves predominantly Arabic-speaking faithful across the Middle…

Greenpeace: history, goals, methods, and influence Greenpeace Greenpeace is an international non-governmental organization founded in 1971 that campaigns for the protection and conservation of the natural world using research, advocacy and di…

Grenoble School of Management (GEM) Grenoble School of Management Grenoble School of Management is a French business school founded in 1984, with campuses in Grenoble and Paris. It offers management degrees, research in innovation and technology,…

Gresham College — London institution for free public lectures Gresham College Gresham College, founded in 1597 under Sir Thomas Gresham's will, is a London institution that provides free public lectures across arts and sciences; it does not enroll students o…

Griffith University: multi-campus public university serving southeast Queensland Griffith University Concise encyclopedia entry on Griffith University: history, campuses, academic profile, research strengths, student life, notable alumni, and its role among Queensland universities…

Group of Eight (G8) Group of Eight An informal forum of major advanced economies comprising Canada, France, Germany, Italy, Japan, the United Kingdom, the United States and formerly Russia, with the European Commiss…

Group of Seven (G7) Group of Seven The Group of Seven (G7) is an informal forum of seven advanced economies—Canada, France, Germany, Italy, Japan, the United Kingdom and the United States—focused on economic policy…

Guided by Voices Guided by Voices is an American indie rock band led by Robert Pollard, noted for prolific lo-fi recordings, concise songs, frequent lineup changes and influential 1990s albums.

Guilds: historical associations of craftsmen, merchants, and their modern legacy Guild Comprehensive overview of guilds: organisation, functions, historical development, decline, and their legal and cultural legacy in Europe and beyond.

Gustav Mahler Youth Orchestra A Vienna-based international youth orchestra founded in 1986 by Claudio Abbado, known for large-scale repertoire, cross-border membership, and appearances at major festivals such a…

Hakoah Vienna (S.C. Hakoah Wien): Jewish sports club and football team Hakoah Vienna Hakoah Vienna was a prominent Jewish multi-sport club from Vienna best known for its football team, cultural impact in the 1920s, persecution under Nazism, and enduring legacy in J…

Halifax (bank): UK retail bank and former building society Halifax (bank) Halifax is a major UK retail bank that began as a mutual building society. It demutualised, merged into HBOS, and now operates as a brand within Lloyds Banking Group offering a ran…

Hamas (Islamic Resistance Movement) Hamas Hamas is a Palestinian Sunni Islamist movement and militant organization founded in 1987. It combines political activity, social services and armed resistance and has governed the…

Hampshire College — experimental liberal arts college in Amherst, Massachusetts Hampshire College Private, undergraduate liberal arts college in Amherst known for student-designed programs, narrative evaluation, interdisciplinary study and membership in the Five Colleges consor…

Hanahoi (Hanahoe): South Korean military clique and political network Hanahoi Hanahoi was a secretive South Korean military faction that dominated key armed forces posts from the late 1970s into the early 1990s and produced two presidents, Chun Doo-hwan and…

Hanseatic League: medieval trading network of Northern Europe Hanseatic League Confederation of merchant guilds and cities that dominated Baltic and North Sea trade from the 13th to 17th centuries, shaping commerce, law, and urban culture across Northern Euro…

Harris Manchester College, Oxford An Oxford college specialising in mature students. Founded as Manchester Academy (1786), it later moved to York, Manchester, London and finally Oxford; it became a full college in…

Hartford Wolf Pack: AHL Affiliate of the New York Rangers Hartford Wolf Pack Hartford Wolf Pack is the AHL affiliate of the New York Rangers, based at the XL Center in Hartford, Connecticut. The pro club develops NHL prospects and continues a franchise lega…

Harvard University: History, Structure, and Influence Harvard University Private Ivy League university founded in 1636 in Cambridge, Massachusetts. Overview of its campuses, academic divisions, historical issues, notable alumni, libraries, and cultural…

HC Dynamo Moscow HC Dynamo Moscow is a professional ice hockey club from Moscow, part of the Dynamo sports society and a long‑standing member of the Kontinental Hockey League (KHL).

Hebrew University of Jerusalem Major public research university in Israel, founded in 1918 with multiple campuses in Jerusalem and a long history of scholarship, research institutes and medical education.

Hells Angels Motorcycle Club Hells Angels An international motorcycle club founded in the late 1940s, known for its chapter system, distinctive insignia and polarizing public image shaped by riding culture, charity events…

Helsinki Stock Exchange (Nasdaq Helsinki) Helsinki Stock Exchange Finland's principal securities market, established in 1912 and today operating within Nasdaq's Nordic network; covers its history, structure, indices, listing segments and role in…

Heritage Lottery Fund UK fund that distributes National Lottery income to conserve, restore and celebrate the nation's heritage through grants for museums, parks, historic sites, archaeology, natural pl…

Hermetic Order of the Golden Dawn A late 19th‑century London initiatory order that shaped modern Western esotericism through ceremonial magic, Hermetic Qabalah, tarot, and graded initiations; later splintered into…

Hershey Bears — Longest‑running American Hockey League franchise Hershey Bears The Hershey Bears are a professional ice hockey club in Hershey, Pennsylvania, long established in the AHL and the primary development affiliate of the Washington Capitals.

Hertha BSC — Berlin football club Hertha BSC Hertha BSC is a professional football club from Berlin, founded in 1892. Known as "Die Alte Dame", the club won early national titles, plays at the Olympiastadion and was a foundin…

Heydar Aliyev Foundation Azerbaijan's leading charitable organization, directed by First Lady Mehriban Aliyeva, named for former president Heydar Aliyev; supports cultural, educational, social and internat…

Hezbollah: Lebanese Shia political movement and armed organization Hezbollah Hezbollah is a Lebanese Shia Islamist political party and armed group formed in 1982. It combines electoral politics, social services and an armed wing, and plays a major role in L…

Hierarchy: systems of ranking and organizing people or things Hierarchy An overview of hierarchies: definition, structure, origins, common examples, uses, and important distinctions in social, technical, and biological systems.

Historic Scotland Former executive agency of the Scottish Government responsible for preserving, managing and promoting Scotland’s historic built environment; merged into Historic Environment Scotla…

Historical society: purpose, activities, and significance Historical society An overview of historical societies: what they collect and preserve, common activities (archives, preservation, genealogy, education), origins, organizational forms, and contempora…

Hitler Youth (Hitler-Jugend): organization, activities and legacy Hitler Youth Paramilitary and indoctrination organization for young people in Nazi Germany. Overview of structure, activities, methods of recruitment, wartime roles, and postwar legacy and cont…

Hofstra University Private university in Hempstead, New York, offering undergraduate, graduate, and professional programs; known for campus ties to New York City, Division I athletics, and hosting na…

Stock Exchange of Hong Kong (SEHK): Structure, Listings, and Trading Operations Hong Kong Stock Exchange Guide to the Stock Exchange of Hong Kong (SEHK): its governance under Hong Kong Exchanges and Clearing, market size and listings mix, electronic trading systems, and core clearing…

Horizon League (U.S. NCAA Division I collegiate athletic conference) Horizon League A U.S. collegiate athletic conference in NCAA Division I based in Indianapolis, centered on Great Lakes-area schools; known for basketball and other non‑football sports and an annu…

House of Borgia (Borja): Renaissance noble family and papal dynasty House of Borgia Prominent Valencian family of the Renaissance whose members rose to papal and political power in Italy; remembered for patronage, political skill and charges of corruption and viol…

House of Braganza — Portuguese royal and noble dynasty House of Braganza A major Portuguese dynasty originating as dukes and later kings and emperors. The House of Braganza ruled Portugal and Brazil and left a lasting cultural and political legacy.

House of Candia A noble family from the historical region of Savoy, associated with the Château de Candie in Chambéry-Le-Vieux and active in the medieval and early modern local society.

House of Este A European princely dynasty originating in medieval Italy, split into Welf and Este branches; rulers of Ferrara, Modena, Brunswick and Britain, noted for political influence and Re…

House of Farnese: Italian princely family, patrons and rulers of Parma House of Farnese Prominent Italian noble family from the Renaissance and Early Modern era, noted for papal ties, rule of the Duchy of Parma, and a major art collection including the Farnese marbles…

House of Medici: Patrons, Bankers, and Rulers of Renaissance Florence House of Medici Prominent Florentine family (c. 14th–17th centuries) known for banking, political rule in Tuscany, patronage of Renaissance art, and producing influential popes and queens of Franc…

House of Oldenburg European royal dynasty originating in Oldenburg (Germany); produced monarchs of Denmark, Norway, Greece and other states and shaped dynastic ties across Europe.

House of Orange-Nassau European dynasty originating from the medieval Nassau family and the principality of Orange, central to Dutch history and monarchy and known for its political role and orange symbo…

House of Orsini Prominent Italian noble family originating in medieval Rome, influential in papal politics and regional rule during the Middle Ages and Renaissance; produced popes, cardinals, cond…