Organizations

Institute for Research on Public Policy (IRPP) Institute for Research on Public Policy Canadian non‑partisan public policy think tank promoting evidence‑based debate and research on social, economic and institutional issues; publishes Policy Options and hosts public…

Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers International professional association advancing electrical, electronics, communications and computing fields through publications, conferences, standards, technical societies and…

Institute of Space and Astronautical Science (ISAS) Institute of Space and Astronautical Science ISAS is Japan's space science institute within JAXA, specializing in astrophysics, rocket and satellite missions, and robotic exploration of the solar system.

Institute of Space, its Applications and Technologies (ISSAT) Institute of Space, its Applications and Technologies French institute founded in 1995 to coordinate education, training and promotion of aerospace science, technology and applications, with a focus on Toulouse and European outreach.

Institution: social structures, roles, types, and historical development Institution Overview of institutions: definition, characteristics, common types (family, law, education, religion, markets), development over time, functions, and why institutions matter in so…

Institution of Electrical Engineers A British professional society for electrical, electronic and IT engineers founded in 1871; granted a Royal Charter in 1921 and merged into the IET in 2006.

Institution of Structural Engineers Professional body and learned society for structural engineers, offering accreditation, guidance, publications and global membership to support safe structural design and practice.

Insurance Institute for Highway Safety (IIHS) Insurance Institute for Highway Safety U.S. nonprofit that researches vehicle safety, conducts crash tests and issues widely used ratings and awards to reduce injuries, deaths and property damage on highways.

Integrated Authority File (GND) Integrated Authority File The Integrated Authority File (GND) is a shared authority dataset for names, subjects and corporate bodies, managed by the German National Library and used across libraries, archiv…

Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS) Integrated Taxonomic Information System ITIS is a cooperative taxonomic database established in 1996 that provides authoritative names, hierarchies and identifiers for organisms to support science, policy and data integr…

Interahamwe: Rwandan Hutu militia central to the 1994 genocide Interahamwe Hutu youth militia active in Rwanda during the early 1990s that became the primary perpetrator force in the 1994 genocide against Tutsi and moderate Hutu; origins, actions, and aft…

Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change The IPCC assesses published climate science, evaluates impacts and response options, and provides policymakers with summaries based on international scientific consensus.

International Air Transport Association (IATA) International Air Transport Association IATA is the global trade association for airlines, promoting safe, secure, efficient and economical air transport through standards, advocacy, financial systems and industry guidan…

International Alliance of Research Universities (IARU) International Alliance of Research Universities A global network of leading research-intensive universities founded in 2006 to foster collaboration in research, education and policy. Members include top institutions from Europe,…

International Association for Mathematics and Computers in Simulation (IMACS) International Association for Mathematics and Computers in Simulation A professional association that promotes research and communication in mathematical modeling, numerical methods and computer simulation through conferences, publications and intern…

International Association of Aviation Personnel Schools (IAAPS) International Association of Aviation Personnel Schools IAAPS is a professional association of pilot training organisations established in 1995, involved in training standards, industry best practices and regulatory consultation with au…

International Association of Universities Global membership organization founded in Paris in 1950 that connects universities and higher education networks to promote cooperation, policy dialogue, capacity building and rese…

International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA): mission, structure and history International Atomic Energy Agency Independent UN-related organization that promotes safe, peaceful uses of nuclear technology, monitors compliance with non‑proliferation, and provides technical assistance worldwide…

International Auxiliary Language Association (IALA) International Auxiliary Language Association A 20th-century organization (founded 1924) that researched and promoted an international auxiliary language and later developed the naturalistic planned language Interlingua.

International Bluegrass Music Association IBMA is a trade organization founded in 1985 to promote bluegrass music worldwide, known for the World of Bluegrass event, a museum and Hall of Honor, and industry support and netw…

International Boxing Federation (IBF) International Boxing Federation Overview of the International Boxing Federation (IBF), a major professional boxing sanctioning body. Covers its role, organization, titles and rankings, sanctioning practices and c…

International Brotherhood of Teamsters A major North American labor union representing truck drivers and workers across many industries; known for large membership, collective bargaining, political influence, and a comp…

International Bureau of Weights and Measures (BIPM) International Bureau of Weights and Measures The BIPM is the international organization, based in Sèvres, coordinating uniform measurements, the SI system, laboratory comparisons, timekeeping and global metrology cooperation…

International Commission of Jurists (ICJ) — human rights and rule of law NGO International Commission of Jurists The ICJ is an independent non‑governmental organisation founded in 1951 to promote human rights, defend the rule of law and advise on legal reform. Headquartered in Geneva, it has…

International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC) International Committee of the Red Cross The ICRC is an independent humanitarian organization based in Geneva that protects and assists victims of armed conflict under the Geneva Conventions and international humanitarian…

International Court of Justice: role, composition, procedures and significance International Court of Justice The International Court of Justice (ICJ) is the United Nations' principal judicial organ. It settles legal disputes between states and issues advisory opinions on international law…

International Cricket Council (ICC) International Cricket Council Global governing body for international cricket, responsible for administration, tournaments, playing conditions, rankings and development; founded in 1909 and now composed of Full…

International Criminal Court (ICC) International Criminal Court Permanent tribunal in The Hague that prosecutes individuals for genocide, crimes against humanity, war crimes and related international crimes under the Rome Statute.

International Energy Agency Autonomous intergovernmental organisation founded after the 1973 oil shock to coordinate energy security, collect statistics, advise on policy, and support transitions to cleaner e…

International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies Global humanitarian network of 192 national societies providing disaster response, health and community services; coordinates relief, preparedness, and capacity building worldwide.

International Fight League: the team-based mixed martial arts league (2006–2008) International Fight League The International Fight League (IFL) was a U.S. professional mixed martial arts league (2006–2008) that presented team-vs-team competition with five-fighter squads and was televise…

International Humanist and Ethical Union (IHEU) International Humanist and Ethical Union An international umbrella organization for humanist, secular and ethical societies, founded in 1952 and based in the United Kingdom; active in advocacy, networking and internationa…

International Ice Hockey Federation (IIHF) International Ice Hockey Federation The IIHF is the global governing body for ice and in-line hockey, organizing world championships, maintaining the world ranking and coordinating international rules, tournaments an…

International Institute of Social History (IISG): archives of labour and social movements International Institute of Social History Major Amsterdam-based archive and research institute for labour, social and political movements, housing extensive collections including manuscripts by Marx, Engels and Luxemburg.

International Labour Organization UN specialized agency founded in 1919 to promote rights at work, set international labour standards, and advance social justice through a tripartite system of governments, employer…

International Monetary Fund (IMF) International Monetary Fund The IMF is a global organization of 189 member countries that promotes monetary cooperation, financial stability, lending, economic surveillance, and capacity development worldwide…

International Olympic Committee The International Olympic Committee (IOC) is the non-governmental organization that oversees the Olympic Movement, organizes the Olympic Games, and promotes sport worldwide.

International organizations: types, roles, and limitations International organization Overview of international organizations: their types (IGOs, INGOs), key roles in coordination, standard-setting, and dispute resolution, and the limits of their authority and enfor…

International Organization for Standardization (ISO) International Organization for Standardization ISO is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies that develops voluntary international standards to improve quality, safety, interoperability and trade across industries.

International PEN International PEN is a worldwide association of writers that promotes literature, defends freedom of expression, and supports persecuted writers through national centres and global…

International Planning History Society: origins, mission and global scholarly network International Planning History Society History, mission and global network of the International Planning History Society, from its 1974 Leicester origins to its role uniting scholars, educators and practitioners in plan…

International Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement Worldwide humanitarian movement made up of the ICRC, the IFRC and national societies; guided by neutrality, impartiality and international humanitarian law to protect life and heal…

International Ski Federation (FIS) International Ski Federation Governing body for international competitive skiing and related snow sports, responsible for rules, competitions, and athlete development since the early 20th century.

International Species Information System (ISIS) International Species Information System A nonprofit consortium that provided a shared database and management software for zoos and aquariums to support animal care, population management and conservation data sharing.

International standard: purpose, development, and role in global trade International standard A neutral overview of international standards: what they are, how they are developed, their characteristics and uses, and how they differ from national rules and regulations.

International Tennis Federation (ITF) International Tennis Federation Global governing body for tennis that publishes the rules, organizes international team events, develops the sport, and oversees junior, senior and wheelchair competition.

International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) International Union for Conservation of Nature IUCN is a global organization that supports biodiversity conservation, maintains the Red List of Threatened Species, and advises on protected areas, sustainable use, and conservati…

International Union of Architects (UIA) International Union of Architects Global non‑profit federation of national architects’ organizations that promotes architectural practice, education, and dialogue; headquartered in Paris and known by its French nam…