House of Savoy: from Alpine counts to kings of Italy House of Savoy European dynasty originating in the Alps that ruled Savoy, later became kings of Sardinia and led the unification of Italy; abolished after WWII and thereafter remained a disputed…
House of Windsor The House of Windsor is the reigning royal house of the United Kingdom and several Commonwealth realms, created in 1917 from renaming of the German dynastic name and shaped by subs…
Hudson Institute American public policy think tank founded by Herman Kahn in 1961. Focuses on national security, technology, economics and foreign policy from a broadly conservative perspective.
HUGO Gene Nomenclature Committee (HGNC) HUGO Gene Nomenclature Committee HGNC assigns unique, standardised names and symbols to human genes, maintains an authoritative database, consults expert communities, and promotes clear communication in genetics a…
Hull House: Chicago settlement house and center of social reform Hull House Hull House was a pioneering settlement in Chicago that provided community services, education, and advocacy for immigrants and the urban poor; it influenced the social work profess…
Human Rights Campaign (U.S. LGBT civil rights organization) Human Rights Campaign A major American civil rights organization advocating for lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender equality through lobbying, public education, corporate engagement, and electoral wo…
Human Rights Watch International non-governmental organization that investigates human rights abuses worldwide, issues reports and advocacy campaigns, and engages with governments and international b…
Humane Society of the United States: mission, history, and activities Humane Society of the United States Overview of the Humane Society of the United States (HSUS): history, mission, programs, distinctions from local shelters, major activities, and controversies.
Huntingdon College Private liberal arts college in Montgomery, Alabama, founded in 1854 with Methodist roots; offers undergraduate and graduate programs and active campus life including athletics and…
Hyles-Anderson College Independent Baptist theological college in Crown Point, Indiana, founded in 1972 by Jack Hyles and Russell Anderson; operates as a ministry of First Baptist Church of Hammond and i…
Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics (IBGE) IBGE Brazil's federal agency for official statistics, geography and cartography; responsible for the decennial census, territorial mapping, socioeconomic surveys and public data used by…
ICANN — Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers ICANN ICANN is a non-profit organization formed in 1998 to coordinate the Internet's naming and addressing systems, including the DNS, IP allocation, and related policy development.
ICN Business School ICN Business School is a European higher education institution founded in 1905, with campuses in Nancy, La Défense (Paris), Berlin and Nuremberg offering programs in management, ec…
IF Brommapojkarna (BP): Stockholm football club and youth academy IF Brommapojkarna IF Brommapojkarna (commonly BP) is a Swedish football club from Bromma, Stockholm, founded in 1942. Known for a large youth academy and multiple promotions, they reached Allsvenska…
IFK Göteborg — Swedish football club with European success IFK Göteborg IFK Göteborg is a major Swedish football club from Gothenburg, founded in 1904. Known for blue-and-white colours, two UEFA Cup wins and multiple national championships, it is one o…
IFK Norrköping — Swedish football club IFK Norrköping IFK Norrköping is a historic association football club from Norrköping, Sweden, with multiple national championships, a strong regional following and a notable role in Swedish foot…
IFK Sundsvall — Swedish football club from Sundsvall IFK Sundsvall IFK Sundsvall is a Swedish association football club from Sundsvall. Known for spells in the top flight in the late 1970s and early 1980s, the club remains a local institution focu…
IGA Australia: independent supermarket network and local retail banner IGA Australia IGA Australia is a network of independently owned supermarkets supplied and supported by Metcash, operating formats such as IGA, Supa IGA and IGA Xpress and known for local ownersh…
IK Brage — association football club from Borlänge, Sweden IK Brage IK Brage is a Swedish football club based in Borlänge, founded in 1925. The club has a history of top‑flight play, strong local support and emphasis on youth development.
IK Oddevold IK Oddevold is a Swedish association football club from Uddevalla, known for its local role in West Sweden and for competing in the national league system, including a top‑flight a…
iKON (South Korean boy band) IKON iKON is a South Korean boy band formed by YG Entertainment. Known for blending hip-hop and pop, they debuted in 2015 and gained wide recognition with hits such as "My Type" and "Lo…
Illuminati: origins, aims, suppression, and modern cultural impact Illuminati An overview of the Bavarian Illuminati founded in 1776: its founding, Enlightenment aims, structure, suppression, and how the name became a lasting element of conspiracy theories a…
Ilta-Sanomat: Finland's Evening Tabloid and Digital News Outlet Ilta-Sanomat Ilta-Sanomat is a major Finnish tabloid newspaper and online news service, known for evening editions, broad coverage of news and entertainment, and long-standing rivalry with Ilta…
Imperial College London A leading public research university in central London focused on science, engineering, medicine and business. Founded in 1907, independent since 2007, notable for research, teachi…
Imperial House of Japan The Imperial House of Japan is the extended family of the reigning Emperor; this article summarizes its composition, historical origins, legal status, ceremonial role and contempor…
Imperial Society of Teachers of Dancing (ISTD) Imperial Society of Teachers of Dancing UK-based educational charity and international dance teaching and examination board, founded in 1904, providing syllabi, exams and teacher qualifications across theatre and ballroo…
Impuzamugambi: Rwandan Hutu Militia and its role in the 1990s conflict Impuzamugambi Impuzamugambi was a Hutu militia founded in Rwanda in 1992. This article explains its origins, structure, links with the Interahamwe, role in the 1994 genocide and subsequent legal…
Independence Club (독립협회) — Korean reform and independence movement organization Independence Club Korean reform association active 1896–1899 that promoted national sovereignty, civil rights, free press and public meetings; helped build the Independence Gate and organized the Pe…
Independent Administrative Institution (Japan) Independent Administrative Institution Japanese semi‑autonomous public bodies created in government reform to carry out specific public services with managerial autonomy while remaining accountable to ministries and aud…
Independent body An independent body is an organization created to give impartial advice, scrutiny or decisions separate from those it monitors; used in public services, regulation, auditing and di…
Independent record label An independent record label is a music company operating separately from the major label system, often focusing on artistic control, niche markets, and alternative business models…
Index on Censorship Index on Censorship is a London-based organisation campaigning for freedom of expression; it publishes a quarterly magazine and runs advocacy, awards and public programmes.
Indian Institute of Science (IISc) — Bangalore research university Indian Institute of Science IISc is a public research university in Bangalore, India, founded with support from industrialist Jamshetji Tata. It emphasizes advanced science and engineering research, graduate…
Indian Mujahideen Indian Mujahideen is an extremist group blamed for several bombings in India during the 2000s. Authorities have linked it to the banned Students Islamic Movement of India (SIMI) an…
Indian National Congress — history, organization, and political role Indian National Congress An overview of the Indian National Congress: its origins, development, organisation, ideology, major leaders, electoral history and its role in modern Indian politics.
Industrial Workers of the World (IWW) Industrial Workers of the World A radical international labor union founded in 1905 advocating industrial unionism, direct action, and worker solidarity; known for the "Wobblies," songs, and organizing of unskill…
Indy Racing League (IRL) — American open-wheel sanctioning body Indy Racing League Overview of the Indy Racing League: its series, history, ownership and role in American open-wheel racing, including the Indianapolis 500 and the later rebranding to IndyCar.
The Honourable Society of the Inner Temple Inner Temple One of the four historic Inns of Court in London, the Inner Temple trains and calls barristers, preserves legal traditions, and occupies a distinctive precinct beside the Royal Cou…
Inns of Court (England and Wales legal societies) Inns of Court Four historic London societies that admit, train and regulate barristers: Lincoln's Inn, Gray's Inn, Inner Temple and Middle Temple, providing libraries, dining, chapels and profes…
INSEE — France's National Institute for Statistics and Economic Studies INSEE France's official statistical agency, created in 1946, producing national accounts, census and business registers, assigning INSEE codes and publishing public data used by governme…
Institut aéronautique et spatial — French aerospace education coordinator Institut aéronautique et spatial French aerospace industry's training coordinator based in Toulouse, founded in 1980; coordinates industry education, professional development and partnerships among major aerospace…
Institut aéronautique Jean Mermoz French airline pilot school founded in 1957 in Rungis. Known for pilot training, published aviation manuals and partnerships with French civil aviation institutions and IPSA for a…
Institut catholique d'arts et métiers (ICAM) — French engineering school Institut catholique d'arts et métiers ICAM is a French graduate engineering institute offering the Ingénieur ICAM, Master of Science, Mastères Spécialisés and PhD programs, with applied research and a campus integrated…
Institut de Droit International Independent association of international law scholars founded in 1873 in Belgium; promotes the development and peaceful application of international law and won the 1904 Nobel Peac…
Institut des sciences et industries du vivant et de l'environnement (AgroParisTech) Institut des sciences et industries du vivant et de l'environnement AgroParisTech is a French grande école focused on life, food and environmental sciences, offering the diplôme d'ingénieur, research masters, PhDs and specialized master's programme…
Institut Polytechnique des Sciences Avancées (IPSA) Institut Polytechnique des Sciences Avancées IPSA is a French private engineering school, founded in 1961, specializing in aeronautics and space with multiple campuses near major aerospace hubs and membership in IONIS Educati…
Institut Sup'Biotech de Paris (Sup'Biotech) — French biotechnology engineering school Institut Sup'Biotech de Paris Sup'Biotech is a private, non-profit French higher education institution founded in 2003 that trains engineers in biotechnology, with campuses near Paris (Villejuif) and in Lyon, a…
Institute for Advanced Technology in the Humanities (IATH) Institute for Advanced Technology in the Humanities University of Virginia research center for digital humanities founded in 1992; develops digital tools, standards, and projects such as SNAC to support scholarship, preservation, an…
