Mathematics

Module (mathematics)

Modulo operation

Modulo operation (remainder and modular arithmetic)

Monad

Monad (mathematics, programming, and philosophy)

Monoid

Monoid (algebraic structure)

Monomial

Monomial: single-term expressions in algebra

Monotonic function

Monster group

Monster group (Fischer–Griess Monster)

Monte Carlo algorithm

Monty Hall problem

Monty Hall problem: probability puzzle, solution, and significance

A probability puzzle originating from the TV show Let's Make a Deal. Explains the three-door setup, why switching doubles the win probability, historical controversy, and common va

Mortality rate

Most common words in English

Most common words in English — frequency, methods, and uses

Mu

Mu: meanings, symbols, and cultural uses of μ / Μ

Mu (letter)

Mu (Greek letter)

Mu (unit of area)

Multibrot set

Multiplication

Multiplication: the arithmetic operation and its mathematical role

Multiplication table

Multiplication table: definition, structure, history and educational uses

Multiset

Multiset (Bag): Definition, Properties and Applications

Multivariable calculus

Mutual information

Mutual information quantifies how much knowing one random variable reduces uncertainty about another. It is a symmetric, nonnegative measure used across statistics, communications,

N

N — the fourteenth letter of the Latin alphabet

n th root

Nth root: definition, notation, properties, and uses

An nth root of a number is a value which raised to the power n gives the number. This article explains notation, real and complex roots, properties, history, examples, and common c

Names for ordinal numbers

Names of large numbers

Names of Large Numbers: Notation, Scales, and Uses

Names of small numbers

Naming and notation for very small numbers

Nanosecond

Natural deduction

Natural deduction: a system for formal reasoning

Natural number

Nearest neighbour algorithm

Nearest-neighbor interpolation

Negative

Negative (concepts and applications)

Negative number

Negative number (definition, properties, arithmetic, and applications)

Neusis construction

Nim

Nomogram

Non-Euclidean geometry

Geometries without Euclid's Parallel Postulate: Hyperbolic and Elliptic Systems

Nonagon

Nonagon (Enneagon) — the Nine‑Sided Polygon

Norm

Norm: meanings across social life, philosophy, mathematics, and culture

Norm (mathematics)

Norm (mathematics): definition, examples, and applications

A norm assigns lengths to vectors in a vector space. This article explains the axioms, common norms (Euclidean, p‑norms, sup, absolute value), key properties, historical notes and

Normal distribution

Normal distribution (Gaussian distribution)

A continuous probability distribution with a characteristic bell-shaped curve defined by mean and standard deviation; central to statistics and the central limit theorem.

Not

Nothing

Nothing: the concept of absence in philosophy, science, and mathematics

An overview of 'nothing' as absence of things—exploring philosophical meanings, scientific vacuums, mathematical emptiness, historical development, distinctions, and common misconc

NP-complete

NP-complete (computational complexity class)

NP-complete describes decision problems in NP that are at least as hard as every problem in NP; solving one in polynomial time would solve all NP problems in polynomial time.

NP-hardness

NP-hardness (computational complexity)

Null hypothesis

Null hypothesis in statistical hypothesis testing

Number

Number line

Number theory

Number theory: concepts, history, and applications