Art

1595 (year) 1595 1595, a year in the late Renaissance marked by calendar differences between Julian and Gregorian systems, continued European wars, exploration (Raleigh's Guiana expedition), and im…

21st Century Museum of Contemporary Art, Kanazawa Contemporary art museum in Kanazawa, Ishikawa Prefecture, Japan, opened in October 2004; noted for its circular glass form by SANAA and site-specific installations.

Letter A — origin, forms, pronunciation, uses and notable facts A Comprehensive overview of the letter A: its origins, shapes, sounds in English and other languages, roles in music and computing, common uses, and notable distinctions.

Ä — A with diaeresis (umlaut) Ä The letter Ä/ä is an A with two dots used in several European languages to mark a fronted vowel or a separate vowel. It is a distinct letter in some alphabets and often translitera…

A Sound Garden — wind‑driven public sculpture in Seattle A Sound Garden A Sound Garden is a wind-activated public sound sculpture by Doug Hollis (1982) on NOAA property near Magnuson Park, Seattle. It inspired the band Soundgarden and has controlled ac…

Aardman Animations British studio founded in 1972, renowned for handcrafted stop-motion clay animation and characters like Wallace and Gromit; creators of Chicken Run and Shaun the Sheep, known for t…

Aart Staartjes — Dutch actor and children's television presenter Aart Staartjes Dutch actor, director and documentary maker Aart Staartjes (1938–2020) was best known as ‘‘Meneer Aart’’ on Sesamstraat and as a familiar face in national Sinterklaas broadcasts.

Aartselaar — Municipality in the Province of Antwerp, Belgium Aartselaar Aartselaar is a Dutch-speaking municipality south of Antwerp in the Flemish Region of Belgium. It is primarily residential, well connected to Antwerp, and recorded 14,325 inhabitan…

Ab Anar, a village in Arzhan District, Shiraz County Ab Anar, Shiraz Ab Anar is a small village in Qarah Chaman Rural District, Arzhan District, Shiraz County, Fars Province, Iran. The name means 'pomegranate water' in Persian and reflects local rur…

Ab Anjir (Darab County) — village in Fars Province, Iran Ab Anjir, Darab Ab Anjir (اب انجير, Āb Anjīr) is a small village in Kuhestan Rural District, Rostaq District, Darab County, Fars Province, Iran. The name combines Persian words for water and fig.

Aboriginal art: traditions, materials, history and contemporary significance Aboriginal art Aboriginal art refers to the visual and material practices of Indigenous Australian peoples, spanning ancient rock art to contemporary painting, with deep cultural meanings tied to…

Abstraction: definition, types, and practical uses Abstract Abstraction is the process of simplifying by omitting details to reveal essential features. This article explains its meaning, variants in art, science and computing, history, and…

Academic art: principles, institutions, and decline Academic art Academic art was a dominant European artistic tradition from the 17th–19th centuries emphasizing formal training, polished technique, and a hierarchy of subjects; it influenced sal…

Academic degree: purpose, types, and international practices Academic degree A concise overview of academic degrees: what they signify, common types (associate, bachelor, master, doctorate), how they are awarded, professional distinctions, and international…

Accident: causes, types, consequences and prevention Accident An accident is an unintended event causing harm, loss, or damage. This article explains types, common causes (transport, home, fires), investigation methods, prevention strategies,…

Acid rock: origins, sound, and cultural influence Acid rock Acid rock is a 1960s rock substyle associated with psychedelic culture, heavy guitar effects, extended improvisation and lyrical imagery linked to altered states.

Acid throwing (acid attack): overview, causes, consequences, and responses Acid throwing Acid throwing (acid attack) is the intentional use of corrosive substances to injure, disfigure, or blind a person. This article summarizes methods, motives, health effects, legal…

Acoustic guitar: design, history, and musical uses Acoustic guitar Overview of the acoustic guitar, its parts, strings, playing styles, historical development, and care. Distinguishes classical, steel-string, and electro-acoustic varieties and com…

Acrostic: form, history, and uses Acrostic An acrostic arranges letters, syllables, or words to form a message from line-initials or other positions. This article explains forms, history, famous examples, and common uses.

Acrylic paint: properties, history, techniques, and uses Acrylic paint Acrylic paint is a fast-drying, water-based paint composed of pigment in an acrylic polymer emulsion. This article explains its composition, behaviour, history, common techniques,…

ActionScript: Overview, History, Features, and Uses ActionScript ActionScript is an ECMAScript-based scripting language used to create interactive content for the Adobe Flash runtime and related platforms; it evolved through distinct versions an…

Ad hominem (argumentative fallacy and rhetorical tactic) Ad hominem Ad hominem: an argumentative tactic that targets a person instead of their claim. Explains origins, common forms, why it is fallacious, when personal facts matter, examples and way…

Ada (programming language) Ada is a strongly typed, statically compiled language designed for reliability and maintainability, widely used in safety-critical and real-time systems and governed by internation…

Adjective (grammar) Adjective A part of speech that modifies nouns or pronouns by expressing qualities, quantities, or states; covers forms, placement, types, degrees, and common usage patterns.

Adobe Acrobat: overview, features, history and usage Adobe Acrobat Adobe Acrobat is a family of applications and services for creating, viewing, editing, securing and exchanging PDF documents across desktop and mobile platforms.

Adobe After Effects — Motion Graphics and Visual Effects Software Adobe After Effects Adobe After Effects is a professional compositing, motion graphics, and visual effects application used to create animated titles, composites, and cinematic effects for film, video…

Adobe Illustrator — vector graphics and illustration software Adobe Illustrator Adobe Illustrator is a vector-based drawing and layout application used for logos, illustrations, typography and scalable graphics. It emphasizes paths, Bézier curves, artboards an…

Adobe Photoshop — overview, features, history and common uses Adobe Photoshop Comprehensive overview of Adobe Photoshop: what it is, main features, common uses, editions, file support, platform availability and its role in professional image workflows.

Adventure: definition, types, history and cultural significance Adventure An exploration of adventure as an experience, a literary genre and a modern activity — covering types, history, risks, benefits, and cultural roles in recreation, sport, exploratio…

Adverb: definition, forms, uses, and examples Adverb An adverb modifies verbs, adjectives, other adverbs, or whole clauses. This article explains types, formation, placement, examples, and key distinctions for clear understanding and…

African art: forms, history, and cultural significance African art Survey of African art traditions, materials, social roles, historical development, modern transformations, and debates about categorization and repatriation.

Afternoon The afternoon is the period of daylight after noon and before evening. This entry summarizes typical time bounds, historical meaning, cultural customs, physiological effects, and r…

Age of Empires (video game series) Age of Empires Age of Empires is a historical real-time strategy game series centered on civilization-building, resource management, campaigns and multiplayer, originally developed by Ensemble St…

Ageism: prejudice and discrimination based on age Ageism Ageism is prejudice or discrimination because of a person’s age. It affects older and younger people in work, health care, media and civic life and can be interpersonal or institut…

Agreement: overview, elements, history, and common uses Agreement An agreement is a mutual understanding between parties, often written and legally enforceable. This article explains its elements, development, typical uses, and legal distinctions…

Aikido — Japanese martial art of harmony and joint techniques Aikido Aikido is a modern Japanese martial art founded by Morihei Ueshiba that emphasizes blending with an attack, using throws and joint locks, and developing physical skill together wit…

Air gun — pneumatic firearms, types, history and uses Air gun Overview of air guns: how they work, main types (spring, CO2, pre-charged pneumatic, pump), projectiles, history, uses in sport and hunting, and safety and legal considerations.

Air Jordan — Nike's signature basketball shoe line Air Jordan Air Jordan is Nike's signature line of basketball shoes and apparel created for and inspired by Michael Jordan, known for its design innovations, cultural impact, and collectible r…

Air raid: nature, history, and civil defence measures Air raid An air raid is an airborne attack that drops explosives or conducts strafing from aircraft. Article covers types, history, civil-defence responses (sirens, shelters, 'all clear') a…

Air Supply — Australian soft rock duo Air Supply Air Supply is a Melbourne-formed soft rock/pop duo from 1976, known for romantic ballads and early 1980s international hits. Members Russell Hitchcock and Graham Russell have susta…

Akseli Gallen-Kallela Finnish painter and designer (1865–1931) known for Kalevala-inspired works, national romantic style, prints and applied arts, and for shaping Finland’s visual identity with paintin…

Albert Namatjira: Arrernte watercolourist and bridge between cultures Albert Namatjira Albert Namatjira (1902–1959) was an Arrernte artist whose Western watercolours of Central Australia brought Indigenous perspectives into the Australian art mainstream and influence…

Albrecht Dürer: German Renaissance Painter, Printmaker, and Theorist Albrecht Dürer Comprehensive overview of Albrecht Dürer (1471–1528): his life in Nuremberg, signature prints and paintings, technical methods, writings on proportion, and influence on the Norther…

Alesana — American post-hardcore band from Raleigh, North Carolina Alesana Alesana (pronounced Alice‑Anna) is an American post‑hardcore/emo band formed in Raleigh, North Carolina in the mid‑2000s, known for dual vocals, theatrical concept albums and blend…

Alexander Mosaic A large Roman floor mosaic from Pompeii depicting Alexander the Great at the Battle of Issus, copied from an earlier Hellenistic painting and now housed in Naples.

Alexej von Jawlensky Russian-born painter (1864–1941) active in Germany; a leading figure in Expressionism known for vivid, simplified portraits and a series of stylized 'head' paintings, plus landscap…

Alken: surname and European place name Alken Alken is an English family name notable for 18th–19th century artists and a toponym for small municipalities in Belgium and Germany.

All Hail to Massachusetts (state song) All Hail to Massachusetts Overview, history, and significance of 'All Hail to Massachusetts', the state anthem written by Arthur J. Marsh in 1824 and adopted officially in 1966.