Geography

Bornholm: Danish Baltic Island — Geography, History, and Culture Bornholm Bornholm is a Danish island in the Baltic Sea known for rocky cliffs, sandy beaches, medieval ruins, round churches, smoked herring, and a mixed history including a brief Soviet pr…

Boroughs of Berlin (Bezirke) Boroughs of Berlin A concise guide to Berlin's twelve boroughs: their structure, functions, history including the 2001 reform, and notable characteristics of the city's districts and localities.

Bosanka (river, central Bosnia) Bosanka (river) Small right-bank tributary of the Vrbanja in central Bosnia. About 6 km long, sourced on Uzlomac mountain, with several tributaries, historic watermills and wartime impacts on near…

Bosnia and Herzegovina Southeastern European country with a varied landscape, complex modern history, three constituent peoples and a decentralized political structure centered on Sarajevo.

Bosporus (Bosphorus): the strait dividing Europe and Asia Bosporus A narrow, strategic strait in northwest Turkey linking the Black Sea with the Sea of Marmara and separating the European and Asian sides of Istanbul.

Bosque County, Texas Bosque County is a rural county in central Texas with small towns, agricultural economy, river valleys along the Bosque River, and a history of 19th‑century settlement and ethnic c…

Boston Mountains: high, rugged core of the Ozark Plateau Boston Mountains Overview of the Boston Mountains — geology, topography, rivers, ecology, climate, human use and conservation of the high, deeply dissected plateau in northern Arkansas and eastern…

Botany Bay: geography, history, ecology and cultural significance Botany Bay Botany Bay is a coastal embayment south of central Sydney, known for its role in early European contact, Aboriginal heritage, maritime ecology and nearby airport infrastructure.

Bothnian Bay Bothnian Bay is the northernmost part of the Gulf of Bothnia between Finland and Sweden—shallow, brackish, seasonally ice-covered and shaped by rapid land uplift; noted for its arc…

Botswana (Republic of Botswana) Botswana Landlocked country in southern Africa known for the Okavango Delta, Kalahari Desert, diamond-led economy, stable democracy, and prominent wildlife conservation and safari tourism.

Bou Regreg — River between Rabat and Salé, Morocco Bou Regreg Bou Regreg is a 240 km river in western Morocco flowing from the Middle Atlas to the Atlantic between Rabat and Salé, notable for its 24 km tidal estuary, historical sites, and reg…

Boubers-lès-Hesmond Boubers-lès-Hesmond is a small rural commune in the Pas-de-Calais department of northern France, known for its agricultural landscape, village heritage and the use of “lès” indicat…

Bouches-du-Rhône: geography, history, culture and economy Bouches-du-Rhône Department in southern France named for the mouth of the Rhône; includes Marseille, the Camargue wetlands, Mediterranean coast, and diverse cultural and economic activity.

Boucle du Mouhoun Region, Burkina Faso Boucle du Mouhoun Region Administrative region in western Burkina Faso centered on the Black Volta (Mouhoun) river; capital Dédougou. Created in 2001, it comprises six provinces and combines Sudanian savan…

Bouenza Department (Republic of the Congo) Bouenza Department Bouenza is a department in southwestern the Republic of the Congo with its capital at Madingou. It is an administrative region made of communes and districts with agricultural and…

Boundary A boundary is any dividing line or limit—physical, conceptual or legal—that separates spaces, objects, behaviours or mathematical sets; meanings vary across geography, science, law…

Boundary Peak — Nevada's Highest Point Boundary Peak Boundary Peak is the highest summit in Nevada at 13,141 ft (4,005 m), located in Esmeralda County near the California border. A remote peak popular with hikers and state-highpointe…

Bourgogne-Franche-Comté French region in eastern France created in 2016 by merging Burgundy and Franche-Comté; known for wine, cheese, Jura landscapes and historical cities such as Dijon and Besançon.

Bourkou-Ennedi-Tibesti — former northern prefecture of Chad Bourkou-Ennedi-Tibesti Former northern prefecture of Chad with capital Faya-Largeau. A vast Saharan territory later reorganized into Borkou, Ennedi and Tibesti regions; noted for the Tibesti Mountains, E…

Boutonne The Boutonne is a medium-length river in western France that flows across Deux‑Sèvres and Charente‑Maritime in Nouvelle‑Aquitaine and joins the Charente as a right tributary.

Bow echo (mesoscale convective system) Bow echo A bow echo is a radar-visible mesoscale convective storm with a bow-shaped reflectivity signature that commonly produces damaging straight-line winds and other severe weather.

Bowie County, Texas Bowie County is in northeast Texas along the Arkansas border. Its county seat is Boston; the largest urban area is Texarkana. Named for James Bowie, it had 92,565 residents in 2010…

Bowman County, North Dakota: overview, history, and local features Bowman County, North Dakota Bowman County is a small, rural county in southwestern North Dakota. This article summarizes its location, demographics, history, economy, communities and points of local interest.

Box Butte County, Nebraska — overview, history, geography and communities Box Butte County, Nebraska Box Butte County is a rural county in western Nebraska, founded in 1886 with county seat Alliance. Known for High Plains ranching, wide prairie landscapes and attractions such as C…

Boyacá (Colombia): geography, history, economy and culture Boyacá Boyacá is a mountainous department in central-northeast Colombia, noted for its role in independence, Andean landscapes, Muisca heritage, agriculture, emeralds and colonial towns s…

Bracken County, Kentucky Rural county in northeastern Kentucky along the Ohio River. County seat Brooksville; population 8,488 at the 2010 census. Known for agriculture, river landscapes and small historic…

Brădești, Dolj County Brădești, Dolj Brădești is a rural commune in Dolj County, in the Oltenia region of southwestern Romania, known for its agricultural landscape, local traditions and administrative role within the…

Bradford County, Florida County in north-central Florida with a small-town, agricultural character. County seat Starke, local communities, history since the 19th century, economy, government and cultural n…

Bradford County, Pennsylvania Rural county in northern Pennsylvania bordering New York, known for agriculture, forests, the Susquehanna River, small towns such as Towanda and Sayre, outdoor recreation, and a hi…

Brahmanbaria District District in east-central Bangladesh, part of Chittagong Division since 1984. Predominantly agricultural plains with growing towns, local industries, cultural life and a seven-upazi…

Brahmaputra River Major transboundary river rising in the Himalayas as the Yarlung Tsangpo, flowing through Tibet, India and Bangladesh to join the Ganges and reach the Bay of Bengal.

Braided river: formation, characteristics, ecology and examples Braided river Braided rivers are dynamic networks of interweaving channels separated by transient islands and bars. This article describes their formation, distinguishing features, ecological ro…

Brăila County Brăila County is an administrative region in southeastern Romania (Muntenia), centered on the Danube port city of Brăila. It combines fertile plains, river commerce, industry and h…

Braj (Brij): Cultural region around Mathura and Vrindavan Braj Braj (Brij) is a cultural and historical region in northern India centered on Mathura–Vrindavan, known for Krishna devotion, Braj Bhasha literature, distinctive festivals and pilgr…

Branch, Arkansas: Overview of a small Arkansas municipality Branch, Arkansas Branch is a small incorporated municipality in the U.S. state of Arkansas. This article summarizes its setting, characteristics, history, community life, governance, and local feat…

Brandenburg — German federal state surrounding Berlin Brandenburg Brandenburg is a northeastern German state that surrounds Berlin. It features lakes, forests and agricultural land, with Potsdam as its capital and a history linked to Prussia and…

Brantley County, Georgia: overview, geography, history, and communities Brantley County, Georgia Brantley County is a rural county in southeastern Georgia with Nahunta as its county seat. This article covers its location, landscape, history, economy, and local communities.

Brașov County County in central Romania centered on the city of Brașov; known for Carpathian landscapes, medieval towns, ski resorts, multicultural heritage and tourism.

Bratovoești (commune in Dolj County, Romania) Bratovoești Bratovoești is a rural commune in Dolj County, southwestern Romania, known for its agricultural landscape, local administration, and cultural ties to the Oltenia region.

Braux (Alpes-de-Haute-Provence) — commune in southeastern France Braux, Alpes-de-Haute-Provence Braux is a small rural commune in the Alpes-de-Haute-Provence department of southeastern France, noted for mountain landscapes, traditional stone architecture, and outdoor recreati…

Brazil (Federative Republic of Brazil) Brazil Large South American nation and the world's fifth‑largest country, known for the Amazon, Portuguese language, cultural diversity, and economic importance. Capital: Brasília.

Federal District (Brazil) Brazilian Federal District The Federal District is a unique administrative unit in central Brazil that contains the national capital Brasília and the main organs of the federal government.

Brazoria County, Texas Brazoria County is a coastal county in southeastern Texas. Established during the Republic of Texas era, it includes Angleton (county seat) and rapidly growing Pearland; 2010 popul…

Brazos County, Texas — Overview, History and Communities Brazos County, Texas Brazos County in east‑central Texas includes the cities of Bryan and College Station, is named for the Brazos River, and is anchored by Texas A&M University. Overview, geography, h…

Breaza (commune), Suceava County, Romania Breaza, Suceava Breaza is a rural commune in Suceava County in northeastern Romania, part of the historical region of Bukovina. It is an administrative unit characterized by village life, local go…

Bregenz: Austrian lakeside capital of Vorarlberg Bregenz Bregenz is the capital of Vorarlberg in western Austria, located on Lake Constance. Known for its lakeside festival stage, mountain views and long history, it is an important regio…

Bregenz District, Vorarlberg — geography, administration and culture Bregenz (district) Administrative district in Vorarlberg, Austria; covers Lake Constance shore and alpine valleys, with Bregenz as its administrative centre and a mixed economy of tourism, services a…

Breisgau-Hochschwarzwald district — geography, history and significance Breisgau-Hochschwarzwald Breisgau-Hochschwarzwald is a rural district in southwest Baden-Württemberg, Germany, spanning the Rhine plain and the High Black Forest and noted for wine, spas and natural parks.