Citizens' Councils (White Citizens' Council) Citizens' Councils A mid-20th century network of segregationist organizations in the U.S. South that promoted white supremacy, opposed school integration, used economic and political pressure, and de…
City of Birmingham Symphony Orchestra The City of Birmingham Symphony Orchestra (CBSO) is a major British orchestra based in Birmingham, known for its wide repertoire, recordings, community work and a formative period…
Civil Air Patrol (CAP) — United States Air Force Civilian Auxiliary Civil Air Patrol Civil Air Patrol (CAP) is a volunteer, congressionally chartered nonprofit that serves as the civilian auxiliary of the U.S. Air Force, providing emergency services, aerospace educ…
Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC): Purpose, Work, and Legacy Civilian Conservation Corps The Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC) was a New Deal program started by Franklin D. Roosevelt in 1933 to employ young men in conservation and public-works projects during the Great…
Clare College, Cambridge Clare College is a historic constituent college of the University of Cambridge, founded in the 14th century, known for its riverside location, Clare Bridge, choir, gardens and acad…
Clay Mathematics Institute Independent non-profit supporting mathematical research and education. Best known for the Millennium Prize Problems, it also funds fellowships, summer schools and publications that…
Club América: overview, history, identity and achievements Club América Club América is a Mexican professional football club from Mexico City, widely known as Las Águilas. This article summarizes its origins, stadium and identity, major honours, rivalr…
Club Atlético Independiente Argentine professional football club from Avellaneda, Greater Buenos Aires. Founded in 1905, nicknamed El Rojo and Rey de Copas, famed for continental success including a record se…
Club des Hashischins: Parisian hashish salon and literary experiments (c.1844–1849) Club des Hashischins Mid‑19th‑century Paris salon where writers, artists and physicians experimented with hashish to investigate creativity and altered states; linked to figures such as Moreau, Gautier…
Club Universidad de Chile Club Universidad de Chile, commonly called La U, is a major professional football club from Santiago known for its blue kit, passionate supporters, historical successes and a Copa…
Club Universidad Nacional (Pumas de la UNAM) Club Universidad Nacional Mexican professional football club linked to the National Autonomous University of Mexico, known as Pumas. Based in Mexico City, noted for its university identity, youth academy an…
Co-operative Commonwealth Federation (CCF) Co-operative Commonwealth Federation Canadian social-democratic and democratic-socialist party founded in 1932 that shaped mid-20th century social policy and later became the New Democratic Party in 1961.
Coalition: Definition, Types, History and Uses Coalition A coalition is a temporary or permanent alliance of individuals, groups or states formed to pursue shared objectives. This article explains forms, characteristics, history, and com…
Coast Guard: Roles, Organisation, and Global Variations Coast guard An overview of coast guards: their duties, structures, common equipment, history and how they differ from navies and volunteer lifesaving services around the world.
College Board (U.S. educational testing organization) College Board Nonprofit membership association that develops and administers standardized exams and programs used in U.S. college admissions and placement, including the SAT and Advanced Placeme…
College Hockey America: Overview of the NCAA Division I Women's Hockey Conference College Hockey America College Hockey America (CHA) is an NCAA Division I women's ice hockey conference formed from a men's league in 1999; it oversees regular season play, a conference tournament and, w…
College of Arms: England’s Official Heraldic Authority College of Arms The College of Arms is the official English heraldic authority, responsible for granting coats of arms, recording pedigrees and advising on ceremonial and state occasions in the UK…
College of Cardinals Permanent body of senior Catholic clergy who advise the pope and elect his successor; cardinals are appointed for life and form the Church’s principal advisory and electoral colleg…
College of Marin Public community college serving Marin County, California. Two campuses (Kentfield and Novato) offering associate degrees, certificates, transfer preparation, workforce training an…
College of the Holy Cross A private Jesuit liberal arts college in Worcester, Massachusetts, founded in 1843. Known for undergraduate liberal arts education, Jesuit traditions, campus community, and NCAA at…
Colleges and universities in Rhode Island A concise guide to Rhode Island's higher education: types of institutions, notable schools, history, regional roles, and how colleges and universities shape the state's economy and…
Collegiate Water Polo Association Regional organization that administers collegiate water polo competitions in the United States, overseeing leagues, championships, and member institutions across multiple divisions…
Colonial Athletic Association The Colonial Athletic Association (CAA) is a U.S. collegiate athletic conference that competes in NCAA Division I, headquartered in Richmond, Virginia, with member institutions acr…
Columbia College Chicago: arts and media-focused private college Columbia College Chicago Columbia College Chicago is a private institution in Chicago, Illinois, focused on arts, media and communications. Founded in 1890, it enrolls about 6,000 students across 60+ degre…
Columbia Records: History, Artists, and Cultural Impact Columbia Records Columbia Records is an American record label founded in 1888. This article outlines its origins, development, notable artists, and lasting influence on music and recording technolo…
Columbus Blue Jackets Professional National Hockey League team from Columbus, Ohio, founded in 2000. Plays at Nationwide Arena and competes in the NHL's Metropolitan Division; the name honors Ohio's Civ…
Columbus Zoo and Aquarium Large zoological park in Powell, Ohio, noted for broad species collections, habitat-based exhibits, conservation programs, and public education across roughly 580 acres.
Cominform The Cominform was a Soviet-led coordination body for communist parties in Europe, created in 1947 and dissolved in 1956.
Committee A committee is a small group appointed from a larger body to investigate, manage, or decide on specific matters; it can be permanent or temporary and is used across governments, bu…
Committee of Union and Progress — late Ottoman political movement and ruling party Committee of Union and Progress A reformist and nationalist political organization of the late Ottoman Empire, active as the dominant power from 1908–1918 and disbanded amid postwar trials and early Republican pr…
Common Cause — U.S. Nonpartisan Government Watchdog and Advocacy Group Common Cause Common Cause is a U.S. nonpartisan watchdog founded in 1970 that promotes open government, voting rights, campaign finance reform and ethics through research, litigation and grassr…
Common Ground: Supportive Housing and Services for People Experiencing Homelessness Common Ground Common Ground is a nonprofit focused on supportive housing for people experiencing homelessness, emphasizing stable housing, rehabilitation of buildings, and partnerships to reduce…
Commonwealth (political and organisational term) Commonwealth A commonwealth denotes a political community or association formed to promote common welfare. The term has several meanings: international organisations, historical states, and off…
Commonwealth of Independent States A regional organization formed after the Soviet Union's breakup to promote cooperation among several former Soviet republics in politics, economics, security and cultural matters.
Commonwealth of Nations: origins, structure, membership and role Commonwealth of Nations The Commonwealth of Nations is a voluntary association of 56 countries, most of them former British territories, cooperating on shared values, development, and cultural and economi…
Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO) Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation Australia's national science agency, CSIRO conducts multidisciplinary research, operates large facilities, and partners with industry to translate science into national economic, e…
Commonwealth War Graves Commission International organisation founded in 1917 that cares for the graves, cemeteries and memorials of Commonwealth military personnel worldwide, maintaining standards of design, hortic…
Communauté d'agglomération du Grand Annecy Intercommunal public body centred on Annecy (Haute‑Savoie), created in 2017 to coordinate planning, services and economic development across the urban area surrounding Lake Annecy.
Communauté de communes à l'Ouest d'Amiens Intercommunal public body grouping communes west of Amiens (Somme). Overview of its purpose, structure, typical competences, historical background and role within French local gove…
Community of Sahel–Saharan States (CEN-SAD) Community of Sahel-Saharan States Regional organization founded in 1998 to promote economic integration across the Sahel and Sahara by encouraging free movement of people and goods and creating a free trade area am…
Computer Entertainment Rating Organization (CERO) Computer Entertainment Rating Organization CERO is Japan’s non-profit game-age classification body, established by the industry to rate consumer video games and provide content guidance for players, parents and retailers.
Comunità montana Evançon The Comunità montana Evançon is an association of nine mountain municipalities in Valle d'Aosta, Italy, based in Verrès, coordinating environmental protection, infrastructure, loca…
Concerned Women for America Concerned Women for America (CWA) is a conservative Christian public policy and advocacy organization in the United States, founded in 1979 to promote family-centered social policy…
Concert of Europe The post‑Napoleonic diplomatic framework in which the great powers cooperated to preserve a balance of power, manage territorial settlements and contain revolutionary change across…
Concorde Agreement (Formula One) Concorde Agreement The Concorde Agreement is the confidential contract that governs participation, commercial rights and the distribution of revenues between Formula One teams, the FIA and the sport’…
Concordia Theological Seminary, Fort Wayne — LCMS seminary for pastoral and diaconal formation Concordia Theological Seminary Concordia Theological Seminary in Fort Wayne, Indiana, is an LCMS graduate school preparing pastors, deaconesses and other church leaders through theological education, practical f…
Confederación Sudamericana de Fútbol (CONMEBOL) Confederación Sudamericana de Fútbol CONMEBOL is the continental governing body for association football in South America, organizing national-team and club competitions, setting regulations, and representing ten memb…
Confederacy of Independent Systems (Separatists) Confederacy of Independent Systems The Confederacy of Independent Systems, or Separatists, was a coalition of planets, corporations and factions whose droid armies fought the Galactic Republic during the Clone Wars…
