Commonwealth War Graves Commission

History

The Commission grew out of wartime efforts to record burials and mark graves during the First World War. It was formally established in 1917, originally as the Imperial War Graves Commission, following work led by figures such as Fabian Ware. Its remit expanded after the Second World War to include further casualties and missing personnel. Over time the organisation adapted to political changes and to new conservation challenges while keeping its founding principles.

Principles and design

Early policy established permanence, uniformity and equality of treatment for the war dead. These principles led to distinctive features such as uniform headstones, carefully planned cemetery layouts and large memorials to those with no known grave. Prominent architects and sculptors were engaged to create coherent, dignified spaces: examples include the Stone of Remembrance and the Cross of Sacrifice, and a consistent horticultural approach that integrates graves into the wider landscape.

Scope and activities

The CWGC cares for graves and memorials across more than a hundred countries and territories. Core activities include locating and maintaining graves, conserving structures and inscriptions, managing horticulture, maintaining detailed registers, assisting families and facilitating visits. The Commission also undertakes research, publishes records and works with local authorities and communities to ensure sites are preserved and accessible.

Governance and funding

The organisation is governed by commissioners appointed by member governments and receives ongoing financial support from those governments. It also works with local partners, volunteers and specialists in conservation and horticulture. Governance emphasises stewardship and long‑term planning so that cemeteries and memorials remain cared for in perpetuity.

Conservation, horticulture and records

Conservation covers masonry, inscriptions and landscape; specialised teams undertake repair, documentation and preventive maintenance. Horticulture is central to the Commission’s identity, with planting schemes chosen to provide a formal yet living setting. The CWGC maintains searchable registers and casualty records that help relatives trace burials and commemorations, and these resources support historical research and public understanding.

Notable sites and public role

Many CWGC sites are important focal points for remembrance and education, visited by relatives, students and tourists. Well‑known memorials and cemeteries cared for by the Commission include major battlefield memorials and large cemeteries that exemplify its approach to commemoration. The sites are valued for their architectural, historic and botanical qualities and for their role in international remembrance.

Further information

• Official organisation overview: CWGC overview
• Search records and commemorations: war graves register
• History, founding principles and designers: historical background
• Visiting, conservation and research resources: visitor information

Researchers and visitors can consult the Commission’s records for burial details, and guidance is provided for those wishing to locate graves or to understand site conservation. The CWGC remains a widely recognised example of long‑term international cooperation in the preservation and commemoration of 20th‑century conflict heritage.