Organizations

Blackshirts — Italian Fascist paramilitary forces (Squadristi/MVSN) Blackshirts The Blackshirts were Italian Fascist paramilitary squads active from the post‑WWI period through Mussolini's rule, known for political violence, the 1922 March on Rome, formalizati…

Blood and Honour (neo‑Nazi music network) Blood and Honour Blood and Honour is an international neo‑Nazi music promotion network founded by Ian Stuart Donaldson that organises concerts, distributes extremist recordings and fosters far‑righ…

Bloods (American street gang) Bloods A decentralized street gang that originated in Los Angeles in the early 1970s, known for its rivalry with the Crips, use of red colors, varied local sets, and cultural as well as c…

Bloomberg News International business and financial news agency founded as Bloomberg Business News; produces market data, journalism and multimedia distributed via terminals, TV, radio, magazines…

Board of Control for Cricket in India (BCCI) Board of Control for Cricket in India India's national cricket governing body, formed in 1928, responsible for domestic and international cricket administration, competitions, player selection, and commercial developme…

Board of Directors: Roles, Structure, and Responsibilities Board of directors An overview of corporate boards: their duties, organization, committees, meetings, legal role and historical development in overseeing corporations and protecting stakeholders.

Bodleian Library The Bodleian Library is the principal research library of the University of Oxford, one of Europe's oldest libraries and a legal deposit library for the UK and Ireland.

Bohemian F.C.: Dublin's historic member‑owned football club Bohemian F.C. Bohemian F.C., commonly called Bohemians or Bohs, is a Dublin football club founded in 1890. Member-owned, it competes in the League of Ireland and is known for its historic stadiu…

Boko Haram: origins, ideology, insurgency and regional impact Boko Haram Overview of Boko Haram, its beliefs, history, tactics, regional expansion and humanitarian consequences, including factional splits and international responses.

Book club (reading group) Book club A book club is a group that meets to discuss books. This article describes typical formats, activities, history, benefits, and practical guidance for joining or starting a reading…

Borg (Star Trek) Borg The Borg are a fictional cybernetic collective from Star Trek, known for assimilating species into a hive-like intelligence using advanced biotechnology and nanoprobes.

Borussia Mönchengladbach German professional football club from Mönchengladbach, founded 1900. Known as Die Fohlen, famed for 1970s success, a large membership base and regular Bundesliga presence.

Bosnian Wikipedia — Bosnian-language edition of Wikipedia Bosnian Wikipedia Bosnian-language edition of Wikipedia launched on 12 December 2002. A volunteer-maintained, free encyclopedia for Bosnian speakers, hosted by the Wikimedia movement and covering ge…

Boston College Boston College is a private Jesuit research university located in Chestnut Hill, Massachusetts, known for its undergraduate and graduate programs, campus architecture, and NCAA Div…

Boston Public Library — overview, history, collections and services Boston Public Library The Boston Public Library, founded in 1848, is a municipal library in Boston, Massachusetts. Known as the Library for the Commonwealth, it offers lending, research and special coll…

Boston Symphony Orchestra Major American orchestra founded in 1881, based in Boston; noted for its Symphony Hall residency, summer home at Tanglewood, distinguished conductors, premieres, recordings and the…

Bound for Glory (American Rock Against Communism band) Bound for Glory Bound for Glory is a Minnesota-based Rock Against Communism thrash metal band formed in 1989, associated with neo‑Nazi and white‑power scenes and noted for controversy and cancelle…

Boy Scouts of America: history, programs, and structure Boy Scouts of America Overview of the Boy Scouts of America (BSA): its purpose, program sections, organization, historical milestones including admitting girls, and the movement's aims and notable disti…

Boys Town — U.S. nonprofit for children, families, and youth services Boys Town Boys Town is an American nonprofit founded in 1917 that provides residential care, education, family services and mental-health programs for children and families from its headquar…

Brand New Congress — progressive political action committee Brand New Congress Brand New Congress is a U.S. political action committee founded by former Bernie Sanders 2016 campaign staffers and supporters to recruit, fund and promote candidates who back a pr…

Brandeis University Private research university in Waltham, Massachusetts, founded in 1948 with support from the Jewish community; named for Justice Louis Brandeis and known for liberal arts, graduate…

Brasenose College, Oxford Brasenose College is a constituent college of the University of Oxford, founded in the early 16th century, known for its historic architecture, distinctive brass doorknocker and lo…

Brauerei Kaiserdom — Brewery of Gaustadt, Bamberg Brauerei Kaiserdom Brauerei Kaiserdom is a Gaustadt (Bamberg) brewery producing traditional Franconian lagers and seasonal beers. Article summarizes its history, beer range, brewing approach, local r…

Bridgwater United W.F.C. Bridgwater United W.F.C., formerly Yeovil Town Ladies, is an English women's football club in Somerset. The club fields senior and youth teams, works with the local community, and…

Brigham Young University–Idaho Private university in Rexburg, Idaho, operated by the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints; focused on undergraduate education, organized into six colleges and operating a u…

Brihanmumbai Electric Supply and Transport (BEST) Brihanmumbai Electric Supply and Transport Municipal utility of Mumbai that supplies electricity and runs the city's bus and ferry services. Established in the 19th century, BEST operates an extensive transit network and a…

British Academy of Film and Television Arts (BAFTA): overview, history and awards British Academy of Film and Television Arts BAFTA is a UK-based independent charity that supports, celebrates and promotes excellence in film, television, games and moving image arts through awards, education and events.

British Association for Applied Linguistics (BAAL) British Association for Applied Linguistics BAAL is a UK-based learned society for applied linguistics, serving researchers, teachers and practitioners through conferences, publications, grants and professional networks.

British Board of Film Classification Independent UK body that classifies films, home video and related media, issues age ratings and consumer advice, and has shaped film censorship and classification since 1912.

British Council UK-based charity that promotes cultural relations and educational opportunities worldwide, known for English teaching, examinations and arts, science and society programmes in over…

British Darts Organisation (BDO): history, structure and role in darts British Darts Organisation Overview of the British Darts Organisation (BDO), its origins, structure, competitions, and its place in the development of amateur and professional darts in Britain.

British Film Institute: UK charity for film preservation, festivals and education British Film Institute British Film Institute (BFI) is a UK charity preserving film and TV, operating archives, cinemas and festivals including the London Film Festival, and providing education, public p…

British Library — the United Kingdom's National Library British Library The British Library in St Pancras, London, is the UK’s national library and a major research collection, holding millions of items across formats, offering reading rooms, exhibitio…

British Medical Association — role, structure, history and activities British Medical Association The British Medical Association (BMA) is the professional association and trade union for doctors in the United Kingdom, representing members on professional, ethical and employmen…

British Phonographic Industry (BPI) British Phonographic Industry The BPI is the trade association for the UK's recorded music industry, representing major and independent record companies, promoting British music, administering sales certificati…

British Red Cross UK humanitarian society founded in 1870, part of the International Red Cross Movement; provides emergency response, first aid, refugee and community support through volunteers and…

British Science Association A UK charity founded in 1831 that promotes public engagement with science through festivals, awards, educational programmes and regional events across the UK.

British Transport Commission The British Transport Commission (BTC) was the public authority that owned and sought to integrate much of Great Britain’s nationalised railways, docks, canals and road transport f…

Broadcast Music, Inc. (BMI) — U.S. performing rights organization Broadcast Music, Inc. Broadcast Music, Inc. (BMI) is a major U.S. performing rights organization that licenses public performances, collects royalties, and represents songwriters across popular music ge…

Brookings Institution: U.S. Public‑Policy Research Organization Brookings Institution Independent nonprofit think tank in Washington, D.C., conducting research in economics, governance, foreign policy and global development; influential in public debate and policyma…

Bullying UK (Bullying Online): UK charity offering advice on bullying and cyberbullying Bullying UK A national UK charity providing information, guidance and signposting on bullying and cyberbullying for young people, parents, schools and professionals.

Bureau of Indian Affairs (BIA) Bureau of Indian Affairs U.S. federal agency established in 1824 to manage the government’s relationship with Native American tribes, administer trust lands and resources, and provide services such as educ…

Burlington College: history, programs, and closure of a small Vermont liberal arts school Burlington College An overview of Burlington College, a small private liberal arts institution in Burlington, Vermont: its programs, leadership, accreditation issues, financial difficulties, and 2016…

Business alliance: forms, governance, and practical uses Business alliance A business alliance is a cooperative agreement between firms to share resources, risks, or capabilities. This article explains common forms, governance, history, uses, and how alli…

Butler University: private university in Indianapolis, Indiana Butler University Butler University is a private, coeducational institution in Indianapolis founded in 1855. It offers liberal arts, professional programs, a notable arts and athletics presence, and…

Club Atlético Progreso C.A. Progreso Uruguayan football club from Montevideo with deep community roots, notable domestic success, youth development and periodic presence in the country’s top division.

Club Deportivo Guadalajara (Chivas): Mexico’s historic football club C.D. Guadalajara Club Deportivo Guadalajara, commonly known as Chivas, is one of Mexico’s most successful and popular football clubs, famed for its Mexican-only player policy and historic rivalries…

Cabal: secret groups, meaning, history, and usage Cabal A cabal is a small group acting in secret to influence events. This article explains the meaning, characteristics, historical origins, common uses, and how the term differs from si…