International Women's Media Foundation: supporting women journalists worldwide International Women's Media Foundation The International Women's Media Foundation is a US-based nonprofit that promotes and protects women in journalism globally through training, grants, awards, research, legal aid and…
Interpol (International Criminal Police Organization) Interpol International organization that facilitates police cooperation across borders, issues notices, maintains criminal databases, and supports investigations while lacking direct law-en…
Intertel Intertel is an international high-IQ society for people who score in the top percentile on supervised intelligence tests.
Invisible Children — advocacy group addressing child soldiers and the LRA Invisible Children Invisible Children is a nonprofit founded in 2004 that raised awareness about child soldiers in central Africa, focusing on the Lord's Resistance Army and efforts to stop abduction…
Invisible College (17th-century scientific network) Invisible College An informal mid-17th-century English network of natural philosophers and experimenters whose meetings and correspondence helped shape the early Royal Society and modern experimenta…
IONIS Education Group — French private higher education network IONIS Education Group IONIS Education Group is a major private higher education network in France, founded in 1980. It comprises 26 member schools, offers professional degrees across many sectors and ma…
IONISx — MOOC platform for professional and academic online learning IONISx IONISx is an online education platform affiliated with the IONIS Education Group offering MOOCs and professional courses across sciences, technology, business and humanities, mainl…
Iran Air — Iran's Flag Carrier Iran Air Iran Air is the national airline of Iran, a state-owned flag carrier operating domestic and international services from Tehran. It has a long history, a varied fleet and faces mode…
IRCAM: Paris institute for research in acoustics, music and sound technology IRCAM IRCAM is a Paris-based institute founded by Pierre Boulez for research, creation and technology in acoustics and computer music, housed at the Centre Pompidou and influential in co…
Irish Republican Brotherhood (IRB): history, organisation and legacy Irish Republican Brotherhood Secret oath-bound society founded in 1858 to establish an independent Irish republic. Known as Fenians, the IRB influenced later republican organisations and helped precipitate the…
Island Def Jam Music Group American record label group formed by Universal Music Group that combined major imprints including Island and Def Jam; influential in hip hop, R&B and pop and later reorganized.
ISO 4217 — international codes for currencies ISO 4217 ISO 4217 is the international standard that assigns short, unambiguous codes to currencies and their minor units, widely used in banking, travel, commerce and financial messaging.
Israel Academy of Sciences and Humanities Israel's national academy for scholarly research in science and the humanities, based in Jerusalem; promotes research, advises government, publishes work, and fosters international…
Israel Broadcasting Authority (IBA) Israel Broadcasting Authority Former state public broadcaster of Israel responsible for national radio and television services; created in 1965 and replaced in 2017 by the Israeli Broadcasting Corporation (Kan)…
Israel Philharmonic Orchestra — history, profile, and significance Israel Philharmonic Orchestra Leading Israeli symphony ensemble founded in 1936 as the Palestine Orchestra; renowned for international touring, recordings, and ties with maestros such as Toscanini, Bernstein an…
Istituto Centrale per il Catalogo Unico (ICCU) Istituto Centrale per il Catalogo Unico Italian government institute that manages the national union catalogue (SBN), digital library initiatives and authority files, supporting bibliographic control and access to Italy'…
Italian National Institute of Statistics (ISTAT): Official statistics agency of Italy Istituto Nazionale di Statistica ISTAT, Italy's official statistics institute, produces and publishes national data on population, economy and society — from censuses and GDP to household and business surveys and…
It Gets Better Project Nonprofit media campaign started in 2010 to support LGBT youth facing harassment, depression, or suicidal feelings through personal videos, essays and resources encouraging hope an…
J. Paul Getty Trust A major cultural and philanthropic organization in Los Angeles that operates the Getty museums and programs in research, conservation, and grants to support the visual arts worldwi…
Jacobins — political club of the French Revolution Jacobins The Jacobins were a radical political club during the French Revolution that promoted republicanism, social equality and centralized revolutionary government; associated with Robes…
Jacobs School of Music (Indiana University) Jacobs School of Music Large conservatory at Indiana University Bloomington offering undergraduate and graduate degrees in performance, composition, education, and music scholarship with extensive ensemb…
Jamaat-e-Islami Pakistan: history, beliefs, and political role Jamaat-e-Islami Pakistan Overview of Jamaat-e-Islami Pakistan, a Sunni Islamist political party founded by Abul A'la Maududi in 1941; its history, organization, ideology, political activity, and distinctio…
Jammu Kashmir Liberation Front A political and separatist movement advocating an independent, secular Kashmir separate from both India and Pakistan; known for armed activity in the late 20th century and later po…
Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA) Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency JAXA is Japan's national space agency responsible for aerospace research, satellite development and launches, robotic planetary exploration, space science and international coopera…
Japan Atomic Energy Agency (JAEA) Japan Atomic Energy Agency JAEA is Japan's national organization for peaceful nuclear research and technology development, covering reactor R&D, fuel cycle science, decommissioning, environmental monitoring…
Japan Mint (Zōheikyoku) — functions, history, and locations Japan Mint The Japan Mint is a semi-governmental organization responsible for producing coins, medals and assaying metals. Headquartered in Osaka with branches in Tokyo and Hiroshima, it also…
Japan Oil, Gas and Metals National Corporation (JOGMEC) Japan Oil, Gas and Metals National Corporation JOGMEC is a Japanese independent administrative institution created in 2004 to help secure stable supplies of oil, natural gas and mineral resources through investment, technology…
Japan Society for Industrial and Applied Mathematics (JSIAM) Japan Society for Industrial and Applied Mathematics JSIAM is Japan's professional society promoting research, education and applications of applied mathematics through meetings, publications, industrial collaboration and internation…
Japan Society for Simulation Technology (JSST) Japan Society for Simulation Technology JSST is a Japanese professional society promoting research and practice in computational simulation, numerical analysis, validated numerics, and AI, and publishes an English-langua…
Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS) Japan Society for the Promotion of Science Independent Japanese institution that supports research through grants, fellowships, international exchange, and training across natural sciences, social sciences and the humanitie…
Jemaah Islamiyah (JI) Jemaah Islamiyah Jemaah Islamiyah is a Southeast Asian militant Islamist network that seeks to establish an Islamic state in the region. It has been linked to al‑Qaeda and designated a terrorist or…
Jesus College, University of Oxford Jesus College, Oxford College of the University of Oxford founded in 1571 with historic quadrangles and strong Welsh links; now a mixed academic community noted for its architecture, alumni and the univ…
Jethro Tull Name shared by an 18th‑century English agricultural innovator and a British rock band named after him; the article explains the inventor’s contributions, the band's style and histo…
Jewish Defense League The Jewish Defense League (JDL), founded in the United States in 1968, is a Jewish nationalist group known for militant self‑defense rhetoric, controversial tactics, and scrutiny b…
Jimmy Wales Foundation — advocacy for internet freedom and persecuted online activists Jimmy Wales Foundation Non-profit founded by Wikipedia co-founder Jimmy Wales to promote internet freedom, defend digital human rights, and raise awareness of individuals persecuted for their online work…
Juggalo (subculture associated with Insane Clown Posse and Psychopathic Records) Juggalo Juggalo: a music-centered subculture around Insane Clown Posse and Psychopathic Records, recognized for face paint, shared rituals, the annual Gathering festival, distinctive symbo…
Justice and Equality Movement (JEM) — overview, history, and activities Justice and Equality Movement The Justice and Equality Movement (JEM) is a Sudanese rebel organization active in Darfur conflicts. This article summarizes its origins, structure, ideology, notable operations, a…
Justice League The Justice League is DC Comics' flagship superhero team, formed in 1960. The League unites iconic heroes across comics, animation and film and serves as a shared-universe response…
Kalmar FF Kalmar FF is a Swedish association football club from the town of Kalmar, noted for Svenska Cupen wins in 1981 and 1987 and for claiming the Allsvenskan title in 2008.
Kansai Ki-in (Kansai Go Association) Kansai Ki-in Regional professional Go organization founded in Osaka in 1950. Manages professional certification, tournaments, teaching and promotion of Go in Japan's Kansai region, operating al…
Kansas City Public Library Public library system serving Kansas City, Missouri, with a Central Library established in 1873, offering collections, programs, local history resources, and notable public-art fea…
Kansas Historical Society Official state historical society of Kansas, headquartered in Topeka; preserves archives and artifacts, operates a museum and research services, supports historic sites, education,…
Kansas Sports Hall of Fame — museum and hall honoring Kansas athletics Kansas Sports Hall of Fame A museum in Wichita that documents, preserves, and celebrates the achievements of Kansas athletes, teams, coaches, and contributors through exhibits, archives, education, and induc…
Katiti Aboriginal Land Trust Aboriginal land trust in southwest Northern Territory holding Northern Territory Portion 1818 for Pitjantjatjara, Yankunytjatjara and Luritja people; created by the 1980 Katiti lan…
Kellogg College, University of Oxford Kellogg College, Oxford Kellogg College is a graduate-only college at the University of Oxford, founded as Rewley House in 1990 and renamed in 1994 after support from the W. K. Kellogg Foundation. It pion…
KGB (Committee for State Security) — Soviet security and intelligence agency KGB KGB was the Soviet Union's principal security, intelligence and secret police agency from 1954 to 1991, responsible for counterintelligence, foreign espionage, border protection an…
Kiruna FF — association football club in Kiruna, Sweden Kiruna FF Kiruna FF is an association football club from northern Sweden. It has represented Kiruna in national leagues, including seasons in the Swedish second tier, and plays a central rol…
Klingon Language Institute Nonprofit devoted to study, teaching and preservation of the constructed Klingon language; offers publications, events, and resources connecting fans and scholars.
