Geography

Essex County, New Jersey Essex County is a populous, diverse county in northeastern New Jersey anchored by Newark. It blends dense urban neighborhoods, suburban towns, major universities, cultural venues,…

Essex County, New York A concise encyclopedia overview of Essex County, New York: geography, history, communities, natural features, economy and notable sites such as the Adirondacks and Lake Placid.

Essex County, Vermont Rural northeastern Vermont county in the “Northeast Kingdom,” home to the shire town of Guildhall; noted for low population, extensive forestland, outdoor recreation, and quiet sma…

Essex, Illinois Essex is a small village in Kankakee County, Illinois, United States, known for its rural character, local community life, and location within the Kankakee County region.

Essex, Iowa Essex is a small city in Page County, southwestern Iowa, United States, known for its agricultural setting, close-knit community, and history tied to rural settlement and rail deve…

Esslingen (district) Administrative district in central Baden-Württemberg, Germany, centered on the city of Esslingen am Neckar; mixed urban and rural landscape along the Neckar with industry, vineyard…

Essonne: department south of Paris in Île-de-France Essonne Essonne (department 91) is a diverse territory south of Paris in Île-de-France, combining suburbs, research hubs, agricultural land and natural parks. Évry serves as its administra…

Est Region (Burkina Faso) Est is an administrative region in eastern Burkina Faso with capital Fada N’Gourma. Established in 2001, it comprises five provinces and includes savanna landscapes, protected area…

Estérençuby — mountain commune of the French Basque Country Estérençuby Estérençuby is a small mountain commune in Pyrénées-Atlantiques in the French Basque Country, noted for its Basque heritage, pastoral landscape and opportunities for outdoor recrea…

Estill County, Kentucky: overview, history, and community Estill County, Kentucky Estill County, a rural county in east-central Kentucky with county seat Irvine, known for its Appalachian foothill landscape, small-town life, and historical roots tied to Captain…

Estonia: a Baltic republic in Northern Europe Estonia Estonia is a small Northern European country on the Baltic Sea, known for its medieval capital Tallinn, many islands, advanced digital governance and a history of restored independ…

Estonians Estonians are a Finnic people native to Estonia who speak the Finno-Ugric Estonian language; they have a distinct linguistic and cultural identity separate from the Baltic peoples.

Estrée‑Blanche Estrée-Blanche Estrée‑Blanche is a small commune in the Pas‑de‑Calais department of northern France, historically in Nord‑Pas‑de‑Calais; it is rural, historically linked to Roman roads and typica…

Estuaire Province (Gabon) Estuaire Province Estuaire is Gabon’s most populous province, containing the national capital Libreville. It is a coastal, urbanised region centered on an Atlantic estuary, with important ports, tra…

Estuary: Coastal Zones Where Freshwater Meets the Sea Estuary An estuary is a semi-enclosed coastal water body where freshwater and seawater mix, producing brackish conditions that support productive ecosystems, fisheries, and coastal protect…

Eswatini: a concise overview of the Kingdom formerly known as Swaziland Eswatini Eswatini is a small, landlocked kingdom in southern Africa with a dual urban center, a hereditary monarchy, and a culture centred on Swazi traditions and annual ceremonies.

Étang Saumâtre (Lake Azuei) — Brackish lake on Hispaniola Étang Saumâtre Étang Saumâtre (Lake Azuei) is Haiti's largest lake, a brackish water body on the Hispaniolan plain, notable for its wildlife, arid surroundings, and position along the Haiti–Domin…

Etawah district, Uttar Pradesh Etawah district Etawah district is an administrative region in southwestern Uttar Pradesh, India. It is centered on the town of Etawah and is known for agriculture, wildlife areas, historic sites…

Etcharry — a commune in Pyrénées-Atlantiques, southwestern France Etcharry Etcharry is a small French commune in the Pyrénées-Atlantiques department of southwestern France, known for its rural landscape, Basque cultural influence and typical communal admi…

Ethiopia: Land, History, Society, and Modern State Ethiopia Overview of Ethiopia — its geography, ancient and modern history, society and languages, economy, and notable distinctions as a populous, historically independent country in the Ho…

Ethiopian Semitic languages A compact overview of the Ethiopian Semitic branch: its classification, major languages (Amharic, Tigrinya, Ge'ez), script, structural traits, history, and sociolinguistic importan…

Ethnic minorities in Azerbaijan: groups, history, and contemporary issues Ethnic minorities in Azerbaijan Overview of the principal ethnic minorities in Azerbaijan, their languages, religions, historical background, cultural contributions, and contemporary rights and challenges.

Étourvy — commune in Aube, Grand Est, France Étourvy Étourvy is a small commune in the Aube department of the Grand Est region. This article outlines its location, administrative role, landscape, heritage, local life and regional lin…

Étrun (commune in Pas-de-Calais, northern France) Étrun Étrun is a small commune in the Pas-de-Calais department of northern France, historically part of the Nord-Pas-de-Calais area. It exemplifies rural local government, heritage and c…

Etsaut — a small Pyrenean commune in Pyrénées-Atlantiques Etsaut Etsaut is a small commune in the Aspe Valley of the Pyrénées-Atlantiques in southwestern France, known for mountain scenery, pastoral landscapes and proximity to hiking and winter…

Euboea (Evia): Greece’s second-largest island and its geography, history, and economy Euboea Euboea (Evia) is the second-largest Greek island. Lying along the eastern Greek mainland, it has rugged interior mountains, fertile coastal plains, a long history from antiquity to…

Eupen–Malmedy (East Cantons): history, geography and modern status Eupen-Malmedy Eupen–Malmedy, the East Cantons of Belgium, are former Prussian districts added to Belgium after World War I. The area has German‑ and French‑speaking communities and a unique 19th…

Euphrates River — Mesopotamia's western watercourse Euphrates One of Mesopotamia's two great rivers. The Euphrates rises in eastern Anatolia, passes through Syria and Iraq, joins the Tigris to form the Shatt al-Arab, and has major historical,…

Eurasia: the combined landmass of Europe and Asia Eurasia Eurasia is the extensive continuous landmass formed by Europe and Asia. This article explains its geography, boundaries, historical definitions, subdivisions, and its significance…

Eurasian Steppe: geography, peoples, and historical significance Eurasian Steppe Vast temperate grasslands stretching from Eastern Europe to northern China, the Eurasian Steppe shaped nomadic cultures, long-distance trade, and historical empires from ancient ti…

Eure (department) — Normandy, northwestern France Eure Eure is a department in Normandy with Évreux as its prefecture. Created during the French Revolution and named for the Eure river, it is known for river valleys, historic sites, ru…

Eure (river) — left-bank tributary of the Seine in northwestern France Eure (river) The Eure is a river in northwestern France that feeds the Seine. It has notable tributaries like the Avre and the Iton, flows through historic towns such as Évreux, and gave its na…

Eure-et-Loir: department in north-central France Eure-et-Loir Eure-et-Loir is a north-central French department in Centre‑Val de Loire, named for the Eure and Loir rivers. It is centred on Chartres and known for its agricultural plain, histor…

Europa Europa: name for Jupiter’s icy moon noted for a likely subsurface ocean, a figure in Greek myth abducted by Zeus, and a long-used personification of the continent of Europe in art…

Europe: geography, history, peoples, and modern significance Europe A concise overview of Europe: its boundaries, physical features, political composition, cultural history, economy and tourism, with notes on transcontinental states and notable fac…

European Russia: geography, population and regional significance European Russia Overview of the portion of the Russian Federation west of the Urals: boundaries, physical geography, population patterns, history, economy and notable distinctions.

Euskirchen (district) Euskirchen is a rural–urban district (Kreis) in southwestern North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany, covering parts of the Eifel and Rhineland with a mix of towns, forests and agricultura…

Evangeline Parish, Louisiana Evangeline Parish in central Louisiana's Acadiana region is noted for Cajun and Creole culture, rural agriculture, and its parish seat Ville Platte. Population was about 33,984 at…

Evans County, Georgia Evans County is a small rural county in southeastern Georgia with its seat in Claxton. Established in the early 20th century, it is known for agriculture, timber, and local traditi…

Everard Ranges (South Australia) Everard Ranges Low granite hills and monoliths in northern South Australia, significant for Aboriginal heritage, unique geology and outback ecology; includes Mimili community and was named by exp…

Everglades: Florida’s vast subtropical wetland ecosystem Everglades Overview of the Florida Everglades: geography, habitats, wildlife, human history, threats and conservation, including its unique ecology and restoration efforts.

Everglades (Florida) — subtropical wetland of southern Florida Everglades, Florida A broad overview of the Florida Everglades: its ecology, hydrology, history, threats, conservation efforts, and cultural and economic importance.

Evros (regional unit of Greece) Evros Evros is a regional unit in northeastern Greece, named for the Evros (Maritsa) River. Its capital is Alexandroupoli. The area includes the Evros Delta, important wetlands, and bord…

Exclave: definition, distinctions, examples and governance issues Exclave An exclave is a portion of territory politically attached to a state or region but separated from its main area by foreign territory. This article explains definitions, types, caus…

Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ): Rights, Limits, History, and Disputes Exclusive economic zone Overview of the Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ), its legal basis, rights and duties of coastal states, limits and overlaps, differences from territorial waters and the continental sh…

Exmoor National Park: moorland, coastline and wildlife Exmoor Exmoor is a protected area in southwest England spanning the counties of Devon and Somerset, known for sandstone hills, a rugged north coast, moorland, woodlands, the Wimbleball re…

Exonym and Endonym: names of places, peoples and languages Exonym and endonym Overview of exonyms and endonyms: definitions, causes, historical examples, phonological adaptation, political and cultural issues, and practical guidance for usage and reference.

Extremadura: geography, history and culture of the western Spanish region Extremadura Extremadura is an autonomous community in western Spain, comprising the provinces of Cáceres and Badajoz. Known for Roman heritage, dehesa landscapes, jamón ibérico and a rich rura…