Politics

Party for Japanese Kokoro (Nippon no Kokoro) Party for Japanese Kokoro Conservative nationalist party in Japan formed from a 2014 split, known for traditionalist and security-focused policies; it later renamed and dissolved in 2018.

Party for the Animals (Partij voor de Dieren) Party for the Animals Dutch political party founded in 2002 that centers animal protection, environmental sustainability and related social policies; represented in national and local government.

Party for the Future (Partij voor de Toekomst) — Netherlands Party for the Future Short-lived Dutch political party formed in 2020. It held two Senate seats under the caucus name Caucus-Otten in 2020 and planned to contest the 17 March 2021 parliamentary electio…

Party leader: role, selection, and variation across political systems Party leader Overview of the party leader role in politics, including responsibilities, selection methods, differences in presidential and parliamentary systems, and the leader's public and org…

Pathet Lao — communist movement and takeover in Laos Pathet Lao Pathet Lao was the communist political and military movement in Laos that fought in the Indochina and Laotian conflicts and seized power in 1975, establishing a one‑party socialist…

Patriotic Front (Zambia) Patriotic Front Zambian political party founded by Michael Sata in 2001. Populist and pro-labour in orientation, it governed Zambia from 2011 to 2021 and remains a major political force.

Patriotism: Meaning, Forms, History, and Civic Distinctions Patriotism Patriotism is affection and commitment to one's country or community. This article explains its meanings, historical roots, major forms, social functions, and distinctions from nat…

Pattali Makkal Katchi (PMK) Pattali Makkal Katchi Pattali Makkal Katchi (PMK) is a regional political party in Tamil Nadu, India, founded in 1989 by Dr. S. Ramadoss. It is known for its advocacy for the Vanniyar community, social…

Pauline Hanson's One Nation Australian political party founded in 1997 by Pauline Hanson, often described as right‑wing populist and nationalist; known for opposition to multiculturalism and periodic electora…

PCP: common meanings in politics, science, medicine, and computing PCP PCP is an abbreviation with multiple meanings: names of political parties, a recreational drug, medical conditions, chemical agents, and several concepts in computer science and ma…

Peaceful coexistence (Cold War policy) Peaceful coexistence Cold War-era Soviet doctrine holding that socialist and capitalist states could coexist without direct military war; its origins, principles, controversies, and influence on détent…

PEGIDA: origins, aims and controversies PEGIDA PEGIDA is a German political movement founded in 2014 that protests what it calls the 'Islamization' of Europe. It sparked large demonstrations, criticism as xenophobic, and intern…

People Before Profit (Ireland and Northern Ireland) People Before Profit People Before Profit is a left-wing political party active in both the Republic of Ireland and Northern Ireland, advocating anti-austerity, public services and socialist policies w…

People First Party (Taiwan) Taiwanese center-right political party founded by James Soong in 2000; part of the Pan-Blue camp and known for pragmatic cross-strait and economically conservative positions.

People's Party (United States, 1971) Short-lived American left-wing party founded in 1971 to advance an anti-war and progressive social agenda; ran presidential candidates in 1972 and 1976 and disbanded after minimal…

People's Party (United States) — the Populist movement of the 1890s People's Party (United States) A concise encyclopedic account of the People's Party (Populist Party): origins, program, electoral history, leading figures, and lasting influence on American politics.

People's Party for Freedom and Democracy (VVD) People's Party for Freedom and Democracy Dutch centre‑right party founded in 1948, known for conservative‑liberal policies, pro‑market stance and its role in multiple coalition governments; long associated with leader Mar…

People's Party of Canada (PPC) People's Party of Canada A federal Canadian political party founded by Maxime Bernier in 2018, known for small-government, individual liberty, and populist-right positions; has attracted debate and limited…

People's Republic (political designation) People's Republic A state title commonly adopted by governments that claim to represent the people, often associated with socialist or communist regimes; used historically across Europe and Asia and…

People's Republic of China An overview of the People's Republic of China: geography, government, administrative structure, history, and global role under the Chinese Communist Party.

Peronism (Justicialism): Argentina’s broad political movement and legacy Peronism Peronism, or Justicialism, is an Argentine political movement originating with Juan Perón. It combines social justice, nationalism and populist mobilization and has shaped Argentin…

Pete Buttigieg 2020 presidential campaign Overview of Pete Buttigieg’s 2020 run: announcement, strategy, state-by-state performance, challenges, and political significance in the Democratic primary.

Pirate Party Germany (Piratenpartei Deutschland) Pirate Party Germany A German political party founded in 2006 inspired by the Swedish Pirate movement, focused on digital rights, transparency, and participatory democracy with a history of state-level…

Plaid Cymru: Wales's Party of Nationalism and Social Democracy Plaid Cymru Plaid Cymru (The Party of Wales) is a Welsh nationalist, social-democratic political party that advocates for Welsh self-government and cultural preservation, with representation i…

Plebiscite: definition, types, history and notable examples Plebiscite A plebiscite (or referendum) is a direct vote by the electorate on a specific issue. This article explains meanings, legal effects, history, common uses, and notable international…

Policy: Definition, Types, Development, and Uses Policy Overview of policy: definition, main types, common components, how policies are developed and implemented, examples in public and private sectors, and differences from laws and pro…

Polis: the ancient Greek city-state and its concept of citizenship Polis Polis: an ancient Greek political and social unit — a city, its territory, and the citizen body. Covers structure, institutions, variations (Athens, Sparta), history, and legacy of…

Polisario Front: Sahrawi nationalist movement and political organization Polisario Front Sahrawi nationalist movement founded in the early 1970s that seeks independence for Western Sahara; it proclaimed the Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic and remains central to the te…

Politburo: Leadership organ in communist parties Politburo A politburo is the executive committee of many communist parties, responsible for policy, organization and leadership. This article explains its purpose, makeup, history and variat…

Politburo of the Chinese Communist Party The Politburo of the Chinese Communist Party is the party’s top decision-making body below the Central Committee, with a small Standing Committee that concentrates leadership and o…

Political action committee A political action committee (PAC) in the United States is an organization that raises and spends money to support or oppose candidates, legislation, or ballot measures; it is regu…

Political behavior: how citizens think, choose, and act in politics Political behavior Political behavior examines how individuals form political beliefs, decide how to vote, and take part in collective action, and the social, cultural and institutional factors that…

Political correctness The practice of choosing language and behavior to avoid offense and include marginalized groups; a cultural and political debate over norms, institutional policies, and free expres…

Political faction A political faction is an organized subgroup within a larger political body that pursues specific goals, influences decisions, and competes for power; it can shape policy, leadersh…

Political families of Pakistan Overview of Pakistan's political dynasties: origins, characteristics, notable families by region, influence on parties and governance, criticisms, and contemporary trends and refor…

Political lesbianism: a feminist strategy and its history Political lesbianism Political lesbianism is a feminist position that treats lesbianism as a political choice or strategy to resist patriarchal and heteronormative systems, prominent in 1970s second-wa…

Political machine A political machine is an organized group that controls political power in a locality through patronage, voter mobilization and hierarchical organization; prominent in 19th–20th ce…

Political parties in Scotland: overview, divisions, and role in devolved government Political parties in Scotland An overview of Scotland's political parties, the central nationalist–unionist division, major parties and smaller groupings, electoral systems, historical context and how parties s…

Political parties in the United States Overview of U.S. political parties, including the dominant two-party system, historical development, structure and functions, notable minor parties, and how electoral rules shape p…

Political party: organization, roles, and systems Political party An organized group that seeks to influence or hold political power. Covers structure, history, functions in elections and government, types of party systems, and notable variations…

Political party strength in Kansas Survey of partisan control in Kansas: state and federal offices, legislative majorities, presidential votes, historical shifts (Republican dominance, Populist moments) and contempo…

Political prisoner: definition, context, and international perspectives Political prisoner An overview of political prisoners: definitions, typical indicators, legal frameworks, monitoring mechanisms, distinctions (e.g., prisoner of conscience), and approaches to documen…

Political problems of China An overview of major political challenges in the People's Republic of China, including limits on civil liberties, one-party rule, governance trade-offs, historical development, and…

Political science: study of power, institutions, and public policy Political science Political science examines governments, political behavior, institutions and policy using theoretical and empirical tools to explain how power, decisions and public outcomes are pr…

Political status of Taiwan A neutral overview of the contested political status of Taiwan: historical roots, competing claims, international recognition, domestic identity, and current international implicat…

Political virtues: principles for practical public life Political virtues Political virtues are practical dispositions—like prudence, conciliation, compromise and adaptability—advocated to guide democratic politics and reduce conflict without relying on…

Politician: roles, routes to power, communication, and public perceptions Politician An overview of what politicians do, how they reach office, how campaigning and media evolved, and the distinctions and debates surrounding political actors and public service.

Politico: An Overview of the Political News Organization Politico Politico is a U.S.-based political journalism organization founded in 2007 that reports on politics, policy, campaigns, and government with national and international editions and…