Geography

Zamora (province, Castile and León, Spain) Province of Zamora Province in western Castile and León bordering Portugal; noted for Romanesque heritage, the Duero valley and wine areas, natural parks like Sanabria and Sierra de la Culebra, and a…

Province of Zaragoza Zaragoza is a central‑northern province of the autonomous community of Aragon in Spain, centered on the city of Zaragoza and noted for the Ebro valley, Mudéjar heritage, agricultur…

Provinces of Belgium Summary of Belgium’s provincial system: which provinces exist, how they are organized within regions, their administrative roles, historical changes, linguistic distinctions, and n…

Provinces of Iran (ostān): structure, role and regional diversity Provinces of Iran Overview of Iran’s 31 provinces (ostān), their administrative structure, capitals (markaz), subdivisions, historical changes, and regional diversity with notable facts.

Provinces of Iraq (Governorates) Provinces of Iraq Overview of Iraq's 18 governorates (muhafazah), their administration, the autonomous Kurdistan Region, historical context, and notable distinctions among provinces.

Provinces of Ireland: overview, composition, history and modern role Provinces of Ireland Ireland’s four provinces—Connacht, Leinster, Munster and Ulster—are long‑standing territorial and cultural regions. They have no formal administrative power but remain important in…

Provinces of Nepal The seven provinces of Nepal are the country's top subnational units, created by the 2015 Constitution. They group the nation’s 77 districts into federated regions with provincial…

Provinces of Peru Administrative subdivisions of Peru between regions and districts: their role, structure, UBIGEO codes, special cases and how they fit into the country's territorial organization.

Provinces of Spain Spain is divided into 50 provinces, territorial units that group municipalities and are organized within autonomous communities; they have administrative, electoral and historical…

Provinces of Sweden (historical landskap) Provinces of Sweden The 25 historical provinces (landskap) of Sweden are cultural and historical regions with roots in the Middle Ages; they no longer serve as administrative units but remain importan…

Prut (river) Prut Prut is a 953 km river in Eastern Europe. It rises in the Carpathians in Ukraine, flows southeast through Ukraine, Romania and Moldova, forms a long border, and joins the Danube ne…

Puducherry district (Union Territory of Puducherry) Puducherry district Coastal district centered on the city of Puducherry, covering 290 km² in several non-contiguous enclaves within Tamil Nadu; noted for French colonial heritage, beaches, and spiritu…

Puebla (state) — central-eastern Mexican state Puebla (state) Puebla is a central-eastern state of Mexico notable for its colonial capital Puebla de Zaragoza, Talavera pottery, mole poblano, and volcanic highlands including Popocatépetl and I…

Puerto Rico: geography, status, culture, and modern challenges Puerto Rico Puerto Rico is a Caribbean island and U.S. territory with a distinct culture, Spanish and English as official languages, a mixed economy, and a complex political status shaped by h…

Puget Sound — estuarine inlet of northwest Washington State Puget Sound Puget Sound is a large complex estuary in northwest Washington State, linked to the Pacific Ocean and home to major ports, ferry routes, diverse ecosystems, and many coastal commun…

Pulaski County, Georgia Pulaski County is a small, rural county in central Georgia with Hawkinsville as its county seat. It is named for Revolutionary War cavalry officer Casimir Pulaski and had 12,010 re…

Pulicat Lake — India's Second Largest Brackish Water Lagoon Pulicat Lake Pulicat Lake is a large brackish-water lagoon on India’s Coromandel Coast, shared by Andhra Pradesh and Tamil Nadu. It supports fisheries, a bird sanctuary, and the Sriharikota bar…

Pulwama district, Jammu and Kashmir Pulwama district Pulwama is a district in the Kashmir Valley of the Indian union territory of Jammu and Kashmir, known for agriculture (notably saffron), historical sites, and recent modern develop…

Punjab: region, history and cultural overview Punjab Overview of the Punjab region of South Asia, its geography, history, languages, culture, political divisions and notable uses of the name.

Punjab (Pakistan): geography, history, culture and economy Punjab (Pakistan) Punjab is Pakistan's most populous province, centered on Lahore. This article outlines its geography, history, population, economy, culture and notable distinctions.

Punjab Province (British India) Former province of British India that covered much of the northwestern Indian subcontinent; divided at independence in 1947 between modern India and Pakistan.

Punjab region: geography, history, culture and economy Punjab region Punjab is a fertile, culturally rich plain in northern South Asia, split between modern India and Pakistan. It has a distinct river system, long agricultural history, and important…

Punjabi: an overview of the Indo‑Aryan language of the Punjab region Punjabi language Punjabi is an Indo‑Aryan language of the Punjab region, written in Gurmukhi and Shahmukhi, spoken by tens of millions in South Asia and a large global diaspora.

Punjabis: People of the Punjab Punjabis Punjabis are an Indo-Aryan ethnolinguistic group from the Punjab region of South Asia, defined by the Punjabi language, shared culture and history across religious and national lin…

Puntland State of Somalia Puntland Puntland is an autonomous region in northeastern Somalia with its capital at Garowe. It has its own government, major ports, and a long coastline on the Gulf of Aden and Indian Oce…

Purus River (Rio Purus) Purus River Major tributary of the Amazon in western Brazil, the Purus River is known for its meandering course, extensive floodplain forests, rich biodiversity, and cultural importance to riv…

Putumayo River (Içá): geography, ecology, and human significance Putumayo River The Putumayo (Spanish) or Içá (Portuguese) is a major Amazon tributary in northwestern South America, forming international frontiers and supporting rainforest ecosystems, transpor…

Puy de Sancy: Highest Peak of the Massif Central Puy de Sancy Puy de Sancy, 1,885 m, is the highest summit of the Massif Central and the tallest volcanic peak in metropolitan France; noted for its extinct stratovolcano, alpine landscapes, rec…

Puy-de-Dôme (French department) Puy-de-Dôme Puy-de-Dôme is a central French department in Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes, named for the volcanic peak Puy de Dôme. Its prefecture is Clermont-Ferrand. The area is known for volcanic land…

Pyrenees — mountain range between France and Spain Pyrenees Mountain chain in southwest Europe forming a natural border between France and Spain, stretching from the Bay of Biscay to the Mediterranean; known for high peaks, biodiversity, di…

Pyrénées-Atlantiques A department in southwestern France spanning the Pyrenees mountains to the Atlantic coast, home to Béarn and the French Basque Country with diverse landscapes, languages, and touri…

Pyrénées-Orientales (Eastern Pyrenees) Pyrénées-Orientales Department in southern France (Occitanie) bordering Spain and the Mediterranean. Known for Perpignan, Roussillon landscapes, Catalan and Occitan cultures, Pyrenean mountains, viney…

Qabala District Qabala District (Qəbələ) is a mountainous raion of Azerbaijan known for its ancient history as the capital of Caucasian Albania, scenic landscapes, cultural events, and a growing t…

Qakh District (Qax), Azerbaijan Qakh District Qakh District is a mountainous, culturally diverse district in northern Azerbaijan. Its capital is Qakh; the district borders Georgia and Russia's Dagestan and had about 57,200 res…

Qatar: an outline of its geography, history, government, economy and society Qatar Concise, neutral overview of the State of Qatar: location, history, political system, economy based on oil and gas, population composition, international role and notable facts, in…

Qazax District (Gazakh) — administrative district of Azerbaijan Qazax District Qazax District (Gazakh) is a border raion of Azerbaijan notable for its exclaves inside Armenia, agricultural economy, and history affected by 20th-century territorial changes and…

Qazigund — gateway town in Anantnag District, Jammu and Kashmir Qazigund Qazigund is a notified town in Anantnag District, Jammu and Kashmir, often called the 'Gateway to Kashmir' for its transport links and proximity to major rail and road tunnels.

Qena Governorate Qena Governorate is an administrative region in Upper Egypt along the Nile, centered on the city of Qena. It is known for agriculture, archaeological sites such as Dendera, and a m…

Qikiqtaaluk Region (Baffin Region) Qikiqtaaluk Region Qikiqtaaluk Region, also called the Baffin Region, is the eastern administrative region of Nunavut in northern Canada, spanning Baffin Island and many Arctic islands with communiti…

Qinghai: geography, culture, and ecology of China's high plateau province Qinghai Overview of Qinghai Province on the Tibetan Plateau: geography, peoples, history, economy, ecosystems, and notable features such as Qinghai Lake and the Three-River Source region.

Qinling Mountains: natural boundary and biodiversity corridor in central China Qinling Mountains Major east–west mountain range in central China, forming a climatic and cultural divide and hosting rich, often endemic flora and fauna under increasing conservation focus.

Qir and Karzin County, Fars Province, Iran Qir and Karzin County Qir and Karzin County is an administrative county in Fars Province, southern Iran. Its capital is Qir. The county comprises two districts and five cities, with census data recorded…

Quarry (open‑pit extraction of stone and minerals) Quarry A quarry is an open‑pit excavation where rock, stone and mineral resources are removed for construction and industry. Covers types, methods, history, environmental issues and rehab…

Quba District — geography, history, economy and cultural highlights Quba District Quba District in northeastern Azerbaijan, centered on the city of Quba, is known for apple orchards, traditional carpet weaving and unique local communities including the historic…

Qubadli District — overview, geography, history and contemporary issues Qubadli District Qubadli District is a southwestern administrative district of Azerbaijan in the Eastern Zangezur Economic Region, with capital Qubadli. The district borders other Azerbaijani distr…

Queanbeyan River A perennial river in New South Wales, Australia, the Queanbeyan River feeds the Molonglo catchment and supplies drinking water to Canberra and Queanbeyan; its name likely derives f…

Quebec (province) Quebec Quebec is Canada’s largest province by area and second-most populous. Predominantly French-speaking, it spans the St. Lawrence lowlands to subarctic and Arctic regions and combines…

Queensland: geography, history, economy and culture of Australia's northeastern state Queensland Comprehensive overview of Queensland covering its location, landscape, Indigenous history, settlement, economy, major cities, climate and attractions, with distinctions and modern…