2nd century BC (200–101 BC) 2nd century BC Overview of major political, military, cultural and economic developments in the 2nd century BC, including Roman expansion, Hellenistic transformations, Han China and the growth of…
Second Millennium (1001–2000) 2nd millennium The second millennium spans the years 1001 through 2000 CE, covering the 11th–20th centuries and the major political, cultural and technological changes that shaped the modern worl…
2nd millennium BC (c. 2000–1001 BC) 2nd millennium BC Era between 2000 and 1001 BC marked by the middle and late Bronze Age: state formation, migrations, chariot warfare, alphabetic scripts, and shifts that led toward the Iron Age.
3 BC A concise overview of the year 3 BC: calendar placement, Roman consular dating, political context across major states, and how the year is recorded in later chronological systems.
AD 30 — the year in the 1st century 30 AD 30 was a common year of the Julian calendar in the 1st century, known in Rome as the Year of the Consulship of Vinicius and Longinus; it sits within the reign of Tiberius and is…
302 BC A year in the early Hellenistic age marked by shifting alliances among Alexander's successors, continued warfare across the Mediterranean and Asia, and ongoing state competition in…
Year 303 (AD) — overview and historical significance 303 An overview of the year 303 (CCCIII): its placement in the Julian calendar, the outbreak of the Diocletianic Persecution in the Roman Empire, contemporary developments elsewhere, a…
The 30s (AD 30–39): a concise historical overview 30s The decade AD 30–39, marked by political shifts in the Roman Empire, the rise of early Christianity, and consolidation in the Eastern Han, with notable events and figures that shap…
Year 31 (AD 31) 31 AD 31 (31 CE) was a common year beginning on Monday of the Julian calendar. In Roman practice it was identified by that year's consuls; it is best known for the fall of Sejanus and…
31 BC 31 BC was a decisive year in Roman history marked by the naval Battle of Actium, the consulship of Antony and Octavian, and the beginning of Octavian’s rise to sole power.
311 (common year of the Julian calendar) 311 Year 311 (CCXI) was a common year starting on Monday in the Julian calendar. Notable events include the Edict of Toleration in the Roman Empire and the sack of Luoyang during the f…
Year 313 (AD): Edict of Milan and developments in the late Roman world 313 Year 313 (a common year starting on Thursday in the Julian calendar) is best known for the Edict of Milan granting Christians legal toleration and for political realignment in the…
Year 32 (AD 32) 32 AD 32 was a leap year of the early 1st century, traditionally named for its Roman consuls. It falls within the reign of Tiberius and sits amid scarce but consequential records acro…
Year 320 (CCCXX) — overview and historical context 320 Year 320 (CCCXX) in the Julian calendar, a leap year whose events sit at the start of the fourth century: Roman imperial developments, the rise of the Gupta in India, and wider Lat…
325 (AD) — Council of Nicaea and developments in Late Antiquity 325 Year 325 (AD) saw the First Council of Nicaea convened by Constantine, major steps in defining Christian doctrine and church order, and continued consolidation of imperial authorit…
Year 33 (AD 33) 33 AD 33 was a year of the 1st century in the Julian calendar, traditionally identified by the Roman consuls of the year; it appears in later Christian chronology as one candidate for…
33 BC — a year in the late Roman Republic 33 BC Overview of 33 BC: calendar uncertainty, Roman consular name, and the political setting as Octavian rose and tensions with Mark Antony and Cleopatra increased.
Year 330 (AD): Foundation of Constantinople and the Late Roman World 330 Year 330 (CCCXXX) was a common year starting on Thursday in the Julian calendar. It is best known for Emperor Constantine's dedication of Constantinople and the growing prominence…
Year 333 (AD) — an overview of the mid-4th century calendar year 333 Year 333 (CCCXXXIII) was a common year starting on Monday in the Julian calendar. This article summarizes its chronological place, wider historical context, and why such years matt…
Year 336 (CCCXXXVI) — a leap year of the Julian calendar 336 Year 336 (CCCXXXVI) was a leap year in the Julian calendar. It falls during Constantine I's reign and reflects continuing Christianization of the Roman world amid fragmentary recor…
Year 34 (AD 34) 34 AD 34 was a common year of the Julian calendar, known in Rome as the Year of the Consulship of Persicus and Vitellius. It falls within the 1st century and the reign of Emperor Tibe…
Year 35 (AD 35) — calendar year of the Roman Empire 35 AD 35 was a common year of the Julian calendar, known in Rome by the consulship of Gallus and Nonianus; this article explains its dating, context in the Roman world, and how such y…
35 BC — a year in the late Roman Republic 35 BC 35 BC was a year of the late Roman Republic, known by the consuls Cornificius and Sextus. Its Julian-calendar placement is uncertain; it sits in the political lead-up to the end of…
Year 350 (Common year of the Julian calendar) 350 An overview of the year 350 (CCCL): political upheavals in the Roman Empire, power struggles in northern China, and wider cultural and religious developments of the mid-4th century…
Year 36 (AD 36) 36 AD 36 was a leap year of the Julian calendar, recorded in Rome by the consulship of Allenius and Plautius and taking place during the reign of Emperor Tiberius.
36 BC — Roman events, calendar notes, and historical context 36 BC Overview of 36 BC: calendar uncertainties under the early Julian system, the consulship of Publicola and Nerva, Agrippa’s victory over Sextus Pompey, Antony’s eastern operations, a…
360 (year) — Roman politics, calendar details, and historical context 360 Year 360 AD: a leap year in the Julian calendar notable for the consulship of Constantius and Julian, Julian's proclamation by his troops in Gaul, and shifts in imperial authority…
AD 37 — death of Tiberius and accession of Caligula 37 Year 37 (AD 37) was a common Julian year notable for the death of Emperor Tiberius and the succession of Gaius (Caligula); it was also recorded as the Year of the Consulship of Pro…
370 BC A survey of the year 370 BC: calendar context, political developments across the Mediterranean and Asia, cultural life, and how historians reconstruct events from this period.
Year 372 (CCCLXXII) 372 Year 372 (CCCLXXII) was a leap year of the Julian calendar. This entry explains its calendar placement, historical context in late antiquity, and broad political and cultural backg…
AD 38 38 A concise overview of the year AD 38, its calendar placement, Roman consular name, and the broader historical context across major regions and dating practices.
38 BC A year in the late Roman Republic marked by Roman consulship dating, Julian-calendar ambiguity, and the beginning of the Spanish era used in Hispania until the 15th century.
385 BC A year in the classical era, named retrospectively in the Anno Domini system; recorded in Roman sources by the names of serving tribunes and set against the backdrop of Greek city-…
AD 39 39 AD 39 was a common year of the Julian calendar. It is noted in Roman records by the consular names and falls during the reign of Emperor Caligula, with contemporaneous rulers in ot…
39 BC Overview of the year 39 BC: calendar uncertainties, Roman political events (including the Treaty of Misenum and Octavian's marriage), dating conventions and historical significance…
390 BC Year in the classical era noted for the Gallic sack of Rome (traditional date), recorded Roman magistracies, and wider developments across the Greek, Persian and Chinese worlds.
Year 391 (Common year in the Julian calendar) 391 Summary of year 391 CE: calendar context, major events in the late Roman Empire—especially Theodosius I's anti-pagan measures and the Serapeum's destruction—and its historical sign…
3rd century (201–300 CE): Political upheaval and cultural change 3rd century Survey of the 3rd century (201–300 CE): a period of intense political fragmentation, the Roman Crisis, Sassanid and Chinese transformations, religious shifts, epidemics, and admini…
3rd century BC (300–201 BC): overview, events, and legacy 3rd century BC Period from 300 to 201 BC marked by Hellenistic states, Roman expansion, Chinese unification under Qin and Han transition, scientific advances, and major wars shaping the ancient M…
Third Millennium (2001–3000 CE) 3rd millennium The third millennium is the current thousand-year span of the Common Era from 1 January 2001 to 31 December 3000. Article covers calendar basis, contrasting eras, major early-centu…
3rd millennium BC The period c.3000–2001 BC, marking the Early to Middle Bronze Age: urbanization, bronze technology, writing, long‑distance trade, state formation and population growth across Euras…
AD 4 (year 4) 4 Overview of the year AD 4: calendar placement, how it was named in antiquity, its place in the Roman political system, and how later dating systems treat it.
4 BC A year of the late Roman Republic/early Empire era in the Julian calendar, known as the Year of the Consulship of Sabinus and Rufus and notable in chronological discussions of Hero…
Year 40 (AD 40) 40 AD 40 was a leap year of the Julian calendar during the early Roman Empire. This article outlines its calendar placement, contemporary political context, and how the year is treate…
Year 400 (AD) 400 Year 400 (AD) in the Julian calendar: a leap year beginning on Sunday; consulship of Stilicho and Aurelianus; context of the late Roman Empire and broader late antiquity developmen…
401 (CDI) — Year in the Julian calendar 401 401 (CDI) was a common year starting on Tuesday in the Julian calendar. It falls in the late Roman Empire and is associated with Gothic movements, frontier pressure, and ecclesiast…
402 (Common Era) 402 Overview of the year 402 CE: calendar designation, political and military events in the late Roman Empire, contemporaneous context, and its place in historical chronology.
404 (year) 404 The year 404 CE in the late Roman Empire, notable for the decline of gladiatorial games and the exile of John Chrysostom; a Julian leap year with broader cultural and political sig…
