Politics

Corruption Perceptions Index (CPI) Corruption Perceptions Index An overview of the Corruption Perceptions Index: what it measures, how it is made, its uses, limitations, and notable findings about country rankings.

Cory Booker 2020 presidential campaign Overview of Cory Booker's run for the 2020 Democratic presidential nomination: announcement, themes, organization, policy priorities, debate performances, withdrawal and broader si…

CPC Politburo Standing Committee The Politburo Standing Committee is the top decision-making body of the Communist Party of China, a small group of senior leaders chosen by the Central Committee to direct party an…

Croatian Liberation Movement (Hrvatski oslobodilački pokret, HOP) Croatian Liberation Movement Small Croatian political party founded in exile by Ante Pavelić after WWII; rooted in the Ustaše tradition, returned to Croatia in the 1990s and remains controversial and marginal.

Croatian Spring (Hrvatsko proljeće): the 1970–71 reform movement in Croatia Croatian Spring The Croatian Spring was a 1970–71 political and cultural movement in the Socialist Republic of Croatia advocating greater autonomy, language recognition and economic reforms within…

Cross‑Strait relations (China–Taiwan relations) Cross-Strait relations Political, economic, social and security interactions between the People's Republic of China and the Republic of China (Taiwan), shaped by competing sovereignty claims and special…

Cuban Missile Crisis A tense thirteen-day standoff in October 1962 between the United States and the Soviet Union over Soviet ballistic missiles placed in Cuba that brought the world closest to nuclear…

Danish People's Party A Danish national‑conservative political party founded in 1995, known for its emphasis on national sovereignty, restrictive immigration policies, and influence on centre‑right poli…

Delegate A delegate is a person authorized to act or vote on behalf of others. This article explains types, selection methods, roles in organizations and politics, historical context, and r…

Deliberative Assembly A deliberative assembly is a meeting body that follows agreed rules of order to discuss, debate, and make binding group decisions; used in legislatures, associations, boards and vo…

Democracy: Principles, Forms, History, and Institutions Democracy An accessible overview of democracy: definitions, main forms, institutional features, historical development, common mechanisms, and distinctions from authoritarian rule.

Democracy in Ancient Athens Democracy in Athens A concise account of how Athenian democracy worked: its institutions, who qualified as citizens, key procedures like sortition and assembly, historical development, and its long-te…

Democrat A Democrat is either a supporter of democracy or, capitalized, a member or supporter of a political party called the Democratic Party; the term has ideological, historical, and nat…

Democratic Alliance (South Africa) Democratic Alliance The Democratic Alliance (DA) is South Africa's main opposition party, rooted in liberal anti‑apartheid traditions. It is market‑oriented, governs the Western Cape, and challenges t…

Democratic and Social Centre (Spain) Spanish centrist party founded by Adolfo Suárez in 1982. A social-liberal formation that sought moderate, pro-European policies and later merged into the People's Party in 2006.

Democratic Caucus Chair (U.S. House of Representatives) Democratic Caucus Chairman of the United States House of Representatives The Democratic Caucus Chair is a House Democratic leadership post responsible for organizing caucus meetings, developing internal policy priorities, coordinating messaging, and bui…

Democratic Centralism Organizational principle from Leninist practice: open internal debate followed by binding decisions and disciplined implementation, used by communist parties and debated for its de…

Democratic Kampuchea (1975–1979) — the Khmer Rouge regime in Cambodia Democratic Kampuchea State established by the Khmer Rouge in Cambodia, led by Pol Pot. Noted for radical agrarian policies, forced evacuations, and mass deaths; ended after a Vietnamese invasion and le…

Democratic Labour Party (Australia) Australian social‑conservative political party founded in 1955 after a split in the Labor movement; historically anti‑communist and influential through preference deals, now a mino…

Democratic Labour Party (Barbados): history, ideology and political role Democratic Labour Party (Barbados) The Democratic Labour Party (DLP) is a centre-left, social-democratic party in Barbados founded in 1955. This article summarizes its origins, development, leadership, policies, and…

Democratic Liberal Party (Romania) Center-right Romanian party (PD-L), active chiefly 2007–2014; governed 2008–2012, pursued market reforms and austerity, later allied with the National Liberal Party (ACL) and integ…

Democratic Party (Italy) Major centre-left Italian political party formed from a merger of progressive and Christian-democratic currents; a principal actor in national coalitions and a member of European s…

Democratic Party (Serbia) The Democratic Party (Demokratska stranka) is a pro‑European, centre‑left political party in Serbia, associated with social‑democratic networks and formerly led by figures such as…

Democratic Party (United States) One of the two major political parties in the United States, the Democratic Party is a broad coalition that supports varying forms of liberal and progressive policies and plays a c…

Democratic Party of Japan (Minshutō) Democratic Party of Japan A centre to centre-left Japanese political party (1998–2016). It became the main opposition, led the government from 2009–2012, and dissolved into successor formations in 2016.

Democratic Progressive Party (Taiwan) Democratic Progressive Party Major Taiwanese political party known for progressive policies, emphasis on Taiwanese identity and self-determination, membership in international liberal organizations, and period…

Democratic socialism: principles, history and distinctions Democratic socialism A political ideology that combines democratic governance with collective or social control of key economic institutions to advance equality, public welfare, and popular participati…

Democratic Union (Israel) A short-lived left-wing Israeli electoral alliance formed in 2019 that combined Meretz, the Israel Democratic Party, Stav Shaffir and the Green Movement to contest the September 20…

Democratic Unionist Party Major unionist party in Northern Ireland, founded by Ian Paisley; advocates remaining in the United Kingdom and maintains a socially conservative platform.

Democrats (Brazil) — Democratas (DEM) Democrats (Brazil) Democratas (DEM) was a centre‑right political party in Brazil, founded in 1985 as the Liberal Front Party and renamed in 2007; it used number 25 and the colours green, blue and whi…

Democrats 66 (D66) — Dutch social‑liberal political party Democrats 66 Democrats 66 (D66) is a Dutch social‑liberal party founded in 1966. It advocates political renewal, civil liberties, pro‑European integration, environmental action and a mixed mark…

DENK — Dutch political movement for migrants and multiculturalism DENK DENK is a Dutch political movement founded in 2015 to represent citizens of migrant origin. It focuses on anti-discrimination, cultural pluralism and social equality and holds seat…

Desiya Murpokku Dravida Kazhagam (DMDK) Desiya Murpokku Dravida Kazhagam Desiya Murpokku Dravida Kazhagam (DMDK) is a regional political party in Tamil Nadu, India, founded by actor Vijayakanth in 2005; it rose rapidly to become the main opposition in 2…

Deutsche Reichspartei: post‑war German nationalist party (1946–1964) Deutsche Reichspartei Overview of the Deutsche Reichspartei, a right‑wing nationalist party in West Germany after WWII: origins, ideology, key events, split with SRP, electoral record, banning fallout a…

Deval Patrick 2020 presidential campaign An overview of Deval Patrick's short 2020 bid for the Democratic presidential nomination, including background, themes, timeline, and its political significance.

Dictatorship of the Proletariat: Marxist Concept and Historical Uses Dictatorship of the proletariat A Marxist term for a transitional state in which the working class holds political power to suppress class opposition and reorganize society toward socialism; interpretations and h…

Diplomacy: practice, forms, and role in international relations Diplomacy Diplomacy is the practice of managing relations between political communities through negotiation, representation, and peaceful problem-solving, including treaties, summits, and co…

Direct democracy: principles, mechanisms, history and contemporary use Direct democracy Direct democracy is a form of government where citizens vote directly on laws and policies. This article explains its features, common tools, historical roots, advantages, criticis…

Direct election: definition, forms, and significance Direct election Direct election: when voters cast ballots for the officeholder rather than for intermediaries. Overview, mechanisms, history, advantages, criticisms, and common variations in moder…

Dispute (disagreement) Dispute A dispute is a sustained disagreement between parties—individuals, organisations, or states—covering causes, forms, consequences, and methods for resolution, from negotiation to li…

Division of Barker — federal electorate in south‑east South Australia Division of Barker A large rural Australian federal electorate created in 1903, covering towns in the south‑east of South Australia along the Murray River, coastal areas and agricultural districts.

Division of Bendigo An Australian federal electoral division in central Victoria created in 1900, centred on the city of Bendigo and covering nearby regional towns; its boundaries have shifted with re…

Division of Bennelong An Australian federal electorate in northern Sydney created in 1949, named for the Aboriginal figure Bennelong; covers suburban areas such as Eastwood, Carlingford, Epping and Ryde…

Division of Blaxland — Australian federal electoral division in western Sydney Division of Blaxland A federal electorate in western Sydney, created in 1949 and named for explorer Gregory Blaxland. It covers suburbs west of the CBD and has been a longstanding Australian Labor seat…

Division of Boothby — federal electoral division in South Australia Division of Boothby An Australian federal electorate in the southern suburbs of Adelaide. Created in 1903 and named for William Boothby, it contains coastal, suburban and foothill communities and elec…

Division of Bowman Australian federal electoral division in eastern Brisbane and Redland City, created 1949 and named for Labor leader David Bowman; covers coastal suburbs, Moreton Bay islands and No…

Division of Brand (Australian federal electoral division) Division of Brand Federal electorate in southern Perth, created 1984 and named for Sir David Brand. Includes Kwinana, Rockingham and northern Mandurah; industrial suburbs and coastal communities wit…

Division of Calwell (Australian federal electorate) Division of Calwell Australian federal electoral division in Victoria, created 1984, covering northern Melbourne suburbs including Broadmeadows, Craigieburn, Sunbury and Tullamarine; named for Arthur…