Syringa vulgaris (common lilac)

Description

Common lilac typically forms a rounded shrub with opposite, simple leaves that are broadly ovate to heart-shaped. Flower heads are borne in terminal panicles; individual blossoms have a four-lobed corolla that may be single or double. Flower colors include shades of purple and lilac, as well as white, pink and pale blue in cultivated varieties.

Distribution and habitat

Native to the Balkan Peninsula in southeastern Europe, the species grows naturally on rocky hills and open woodlands. It has been widely introduced and often becomes naturalized in North America and other temperate regions where gardeners have planted it for its early-spring blooms.

Uses and cultivation

Gardeners prize lilac for spring interest, fragrant cut flowers and formal hedging. Popular attributes and basic care include:

• Full sun and well-drained soil favour abundant flowering.
• Periodic pruning after flowering maintains shape and encourages new growth.
• Many cultivars have been bred for color range and bloom form.

Ecology and cultural notes

The blossoms attract pollinators such as bees and butterflies during spring. Because of its striking scent and seasonal display, the common lilac features in garden traditions and local festivals in many regions. It is also frequently used in public plantings and private borders as a reliable, long-lived ornamental.