Uranyl nitrate

Chemical structure and properties

The central feature is the linear uranyl unit (UO2)2+, coordinated by nitrate (NO3 ) anions. The material is classified as a nitrate salt (salt) of a heavy actinide and exhibits both ionic and coordination chemistry typical of uranium(VI). Its empirical formula is often written as UO2(NO3)2. Hydrated forms and complexes with solvents such as water and ethanol are well known.

Preparation and physical forms

Uranyl nitrate is prepared by dissolving uranium oxides, metals or other uranium salts in nitric acid, which converts uranium to the soluble nitrate. Crystalline hydrates form on evaporation. The compound also dissolves in several polar organic media and can form adducts with donor solvents.

Uses and significance

Because it is a soluble uranium(VI) compound, uranyl nitrate has been used as a laboratory reagent, an intermediate in uranium processing and in analytical chemistry. It has played a role in solvent extraction and other separation techniques related to fuel cycle chemistry. Specialized uses tap its coordination behavior and its characteristic color in staining and microscopy reagents.

Safety and notable facts

Uranyl nitrate is both chemically toxic and radioactive; exposure risks combine heavy‑metal toxicity with radiological concerns. Handling requires appropriate containment, shielding and waste controls. Distinct from other uranium compounds, its high solubility makes it easy to transport in liquid streams, which is important in industrial and laboratory contexts.

References and further reading

• Nitrate chemistry overview
• Practical notes on uranium solutions
• General salt classification