Internet

Keyhole Markup Language (KML) Keyhole Markup Language KML is an XML-based format for encoding geographic data and map visualizations. Used in virtual globes and mapping platforms, it supports placemarks, overlays, 3D models, styles, a…

Know Your Meme: Archive and Research of Internet Memes Know Your Meme Know Your Meme is an online encyclopedia and video series documenting memes, viral media, and internet phenomena, offering entries that trace origins, spread, and cultural impact.

Korean Wikipedia The Korean-language edition of Wikipedia, launched in October 2002. Covers its scope, script and orthography notes, history, community practices and common uses as a public referen…

Last.fm — music discovery, scrobbling and community service Last.fm Last.fm is a UK-founded online music service (est. 2002) known for scrobbling, personalised radio and social features. It combines listening history, recommendations and community…

Latin Wikipedia (Vicipaedia) — the Latin-language edition of Wikipedia Latin Wikipedia Vicipaedia is the Latin-language edition of Wikipedia, begun in May 2002. It publishes encyclopedic articles written in Latin and is notable as the largest Wikipedia in a dead lang…

LIBRIS — Sweden's national union catalogue LIBRIS LIBRIS is the Swedish national union catalogue operated by the National Library of Sweden. It aggregates library records, provides authority control and linked open data, and suppo…

LimeWire — peer-to-peer file sharing client LimeWire LimeWire was a popular open-source peer-to-peer client that used the Gnutella network to share music, video, and other files; it grew in the 2000s and was closed after major legal…

Link (chain link and hyperlink) Link A link can be a physical ring in a chain or, in computing, a hyperlink that connects documents or resources on the web. Overview of types, creation, uses, history, accessibility, a…

LinkedIn: professional networking platform and career service LinkedIn LinkedIn is a business-oriented social network for professionals, used for networking, hiring, job search, personal branding and industry content sharing worldwide.

Linux: kernel, distributions, uses, and community Linux Overview of Linux: the kernel and GNU ecosystem, distributions and desktop/server differences, history, common uses, and its free/open-source licensing and community model.

Linux distribution An operating system built around the Linux kernel plus collections of software, libraries and tools. Distributions vary by target (desktop, server, embedded), package systems, and…

Internet top-level domains (TLDs) List of Internet top-level domains An overview of Internet top-level domains: what they are, types and examples, history and governance, registration and uses, and notable distinctions and developments.

LiveJournal: social blogging platform and community network LiveJournal LiveJournal is an early social blogging platform and the name of its server software. Launched in 1999, it combined personal journals with friend networks, communities, and distinc…

Local area network (LAN) Local area network A LAN connects computers and devices within a limited area (home, office, school) to share files, printers and Internet access. Typical technologies include Ethernet and Wi‑Fi; man…

LOL — meaning, history, usage and variations LOL LOL is a widely used internet abbreviation for 'laughing out loud'. This article explains its meaning, history in online culture, common variants, usage nuances and unrelated meani…

Lolcat: the cat-and-caption internet meme Lolcat Lolcat refers to photos of cats paired with humorous captions in playful broken English (lolspeak). This entry covers origins, features, cultural impact, and distinctions within me…

Lua — lightweight embeddable scripting language Lua Lua is a compact, extensible scripting language created in 1993. It is designed for embedding, easy C integration, and rapid prototyping; widely used in games, embedded systems and…

Lycos: Early Web Search Engine and Internet Portal Lycos Lycos is an early Internet search engine turned web portal that launched in 1994, known for search technology, email and entertainment content and for being an influential site in…

Lynx (text-based web browser) Lynx (web browser) Lynx is a keyboard-driven, text-only web browser first released in 1992. It runs in terminal environments, supports basic HTML and HTTP, and is still used for accessibility, automa…

MAC address (Media Access Control address) — hardware network identifier MAC address A MAC address is a built-in identifier assigned to network interfaces. It is used by Ethernet and Wi‑Fi to deliver frames on local networks. This article explains format, assignmen…

Macedonian Wikipedia The Macedonian-language edition of Wikipedia, launched in 2003. Covers its scope, history, community, technical features, and cultural role in preserving and sharing knowledge in M…

Malay Wikipedia (Wikipedia Bahasa Melayu) Malay Wikipedia Malay-language edition of Wikipedia, established in 2002. Covers topics in Malay, uses Rumi and Jawi scripts, and is maintained by a volunteer community under the Wikimedia Foundat…

Malayalam Wikipedia Malayalam Wikipedia is the Malayalam-language edition of Wikipedia, a free, user-edited online encyclopedia launched in 2002 that provides encyclopedic content in the Malayalam scr…

Marathi Wikipedia — the Marathi-language edition of Wikipedia Marathi Wikipedia Marathi Wikipedia is the Marathi-language edition of Wikipedia, started in May 2003. It hosts articles in Devanagari script and supports Marathi-language knowledge, education, and…

Marx and Engels Internet Archive (Marxists.org) — volunteer digital library Marx and Engels Internet Archive A volunteer-run, non-profit digital library preserving texts by Marx, Engels and related socialist writers in many languages, offering searchable collections, translations and stud…

Massively Multiplayer Online Game (MMOG): Overview, Types, and Impact Massively multiplayer online game An accessible guide to massively multiplayer online games (MMOGs): definition, main features, history, genres, social and economic aspects, technical challenges, and notable exampl…

Massively multiplayer online role-playing game (MMORPG) Massively multiplayer online role-playing game A persistent online role-playing game that supports large numbers of players in a shared virtual world, emphasizing character progression, social interaction, and long-term content…

Megaupload — Hong Kong file hosting and its legacy Megaupload Megaupload was a Hong Kong–based file hosting and sharing service known for large-file transfers, premium accounts, and high-profile legal controversies leading to its 2012 seizure…

Memory leak: causes, detection, and prevention Memory leak A memory leak occurs when a program fails to release memory it no longer needs. This article explains how leaks happen, typical symptoms, detection methods, and practical strategie…

Mesh networking: principles, types, and practical uses Mesh networking Mesh networking is a decentralized network topology in which nodes relay data for one another. It supports redundancy and resilience, and is used in wireless LANs, IoT, emergency c…

Meta-Wiki (Wikimedia Meta) Meta-Wiki Meta-Wiki is the central coordination wiki for Wikimedia projects, hosting cross‑project policy, discussion, and organizational resources used by contributors and the Foundation.

Microsoft FrontPage — WYSIWYG web editor and site management tool Microsoft FrontPage Microsoft FrontPage was a popular WYSIWYG website editor bundled with Office until 2003. It simplified site creation, used server extensions for publishing, and was later replaced…

Microsoft Office Online Microsoft Office Online is Microsoft’s browser-based offering of Word, Excel, PowerPoint and related resources, providing free basic editing, templates, collaboration tools and clo…

Minangkabau Wikipedia The Minangkabau-language edition of Wikipedia, created and maintained by volunteer editors to provide articles in Minangkabau. It serves as a resource for language, culture, and co…

Minitel: France's Pioneering Videotex Online Service Minitel Minitel was a French videotex online network launched in 1982. Preceding the Web, it offered directory lookup, shopping, reservations, messaging and chat over telephone lines and r…

mIRC — a Windows Internet Relay Chat client and scripting platform mIRC mIRC is a long‑standing IRC client for Microsoft Windows, known for its scripting language, DCC support and shareware licensing with a trial period and optional registration fee.

Mobile browser A mobile browser is a web browser designed for smartphones and other small-screen devices, optimized for touch, limited resources, and mobile web standards.

Momo Challenge hoax: origin, spread, and why it was false Momo Challenge hoax The Momo Challenge was a widely reported moral panic alleging a dangerous social‑media game; investigations by police and fact‑checkers found no evidence of an organised challenge…

Mozilla Mozilla is a community-driven nonprofit and software group best known for the Firefox browser. It promotes an open web, web standards, user privacy and open-source software through…

Mozilla Add-ons: extensions, themes and the add-on ecosystem Mozilla Add-ons Overview of Mozilla Add-ons (AMO): types of add-ons, development and review process, history and role in Firefox, Thunderbird and related projects, and how users and developers int…

Mozilla Firefox — free, open-source web browser Mozilla Firefox Mozilla Firefox is a cross-platform, open-source web browser developed by the Mozilla project. It emphasizes standards, customization, privacy features, and an extensible add‑on sy…

MSN — Microsoft's web portal and suite of online services MSN MSN is Microsoft's web portal brand and collection of consumer online services, originating as an internet access service in 1995 and evolving into a content and services network.

MU*: the Tiny family of social text-based servers MU* MU* (pronounced ‘moo-star’) is a family of text-based, social online server types — including TinyMUD, MUSH, MOO, and TinyMUCK — focused on building, role-play, and community rathe…

Multiplayer online game (MOG) Multiplayer online game A multiplayer online game is a video game designed for concurrent play by multiple people over a network. This article explains what they are, how they work, and how they differ fr…

My Opera Community: user hub for Opera browser fans My Opera Community A community platform created by Opera Software for users of the Opera browser, offering forums, blogs, groups and support; popular early web browser community later discontinued in…

Myspace: early social network and music-focused community Myspace Myspace is a social networking site that rose to prominence in the mid-2000s for customizable profiles, music discovery and community features. It played a major role in early soci…

Napster: pioneering peer-to-peer music sharing and its legacy Napster Napster was the first widely used peer-to-peer service for sharing MP3 music files. It transformed music distribution, triggered major copyright litigation, and influenced later di…

Nate (South Korean web portal) Nate Nate is a South Korean web portal operated by SK Communications, known for Cyworld and the NateOn messenger; it grew through early-2000s mergers (NETSGO, Lycos Korea, Empas) and la…