Internet

CGI — primary senses: Computer-Generated Imagery, Common Gateway Interface, and others CGI CGI commonly denotes Computer-Generated Imagery (visual effects and animation) or the Common Gateway Interface (early web program interface); it also names a company and a clinical…

Charon — web browser for the Inferno operating system Charon (web browser) Charon is a lightweight web browser written for the Inferno OS. It demonstrates web access within Inferno's unique environment, integrating with its namespace, runtime, and GUI too…

Chat room An online space where multiple people exchange real-time text (and often media) messages. Chat rooms power social interaction, customer support, group work, gaming, and community f…

ChatZilla — Mozilla-based IRC client ChatZilla ChatZilla is a free, extensible IRC client for Mozilla platforms. Written in JavaScript and XUL, it supports standard IRC functions and is distributed under a tri-license (MPL/GPL/…

Chinese Wikipedia (中文維基百科 / 中文维基百科) Chinese Wikipedia The Chinese-language edition of Wikipedia, launched in 2002. Publishes articles in both Simplified and Traditional Chinese with script-conversion tools and is one of the largest Wi…

Chuck Norris facts: the Internet meme of hyperbolic jokes Chuck Norris facts A collection of exaggerated, humorous 'facts' about actor and martial artist Chuck Norris that became a global Internet meme in the 2000s, known for roundhouse-kick jokes and wide…

Chuvash Wikipedia — Chuvash-language edition of Wikipedia Chuvash Wikipedia Chuvash Wikipedia is the Chuvash-language edition of Wikipedia, created in 2004 to provide articles in Chuvash and support cultural and linguistic content online.

ChuvashTet — the Chuvash Internet and online sphere ChuvashTet ChuvashTet denotes the Chuvash-language and Chuvash-focused segment of the Web: sites, social spaces, and resources supporting language, culture, news, and community across scripts…

CiNii — Japanese academic bibliographic database CiNii CiNii is a bibliographic discovery service maintained by Japan's National Institute of Informatics, indexing millions of academic articles, books and theses and linking to library…

Classless Inter-Domain Routing (CIDR) Classless Inter-Domain Routing CIDR is the modern method for allocating IP address blocks and expressing routes with variable-length prefixes, enabling efficient address use and route aggregation across the Inte…

Client (computing) Client In computing, a client is hardware or software that requests and uses services from a server over a network, as seen in web browsers, email apps, mobile apps, and IoT devices.

Cloud computing: concept, components, history, uses and key distinctions Cloud computing An explanatory overview of cloud computing: what it is, core characteristics, common service models, history, benefits, concerns, and practical distinctions for users and organizat…

Club Penguin: history, features, and cultural legacy of the kids' MMO Club Penguin Club Penguin was a child-focused browser MMO where players controlled penguin avatars, played mini-games, adopted pets, customized igloos and socialized in moderated spaces; it clo…

Comma-separated values (CSV) Comma-separated values CSV (Comma-separated values) is a simple plain-text format for tabular data. This article explains its structure, common conventions, history, typical uses, and limitations compare…

Comparison of Internet Relay Chat daemons Overview and comparison of IRC server software (daemons), covering architecture, features, historical implementations, deployment trade-offs and criteria for selecting a daemon.

Conservapedia: a conservative, Christian-oriented online encyclopedia Conservapedia Conservapedia is an online wiki project created for conservative Christian Americans. It presents articles from a right-leaning perspective, offers educational material, and contra…

Country code top-level domain (ccTLD) Country code top-level domain A country code top-level domain (ccTLD) is a two-letter Internet top-level domain assigned to countries and territories; used for local identity, technical delegation, and commerci…

Craigslist: local classified ads and community network Craigslist Craigslist is a widely used online network of local classified-ad sites and community forums that connect buyers, sellers, employers, renters, and neighbors through simple, text-or…

Croatian Wikipedia The Croatian-language edition of Wikipedia, launched in 2003. A volunteer-built online encyclopedia covering general and local topics, it has grown into a mid-sized wiki and faced…

Cybercrime: types, impacts, and responses Cybercrime Overview of cybercrime: common forms, perpetrators, historical development, societal and economic impacts, and the technical and legal measures used to prevent and respond to onlin…

Cyworld — South Korean social networking service Cyworld Cyworld is a South Korean social network known for personalized 'minihompy' pages, a social-distance system (1chon), a virtual goods economy (dotori/acorns), wide cultural influenc…

Czech Wikipedia (Česká Wikipedie) Czech Wikipedia Czech-language edition of Wikipedia, launched in November 2002. A volunteer-driven online encyclopedia focused on Czech language and topics, developed under Wikimedia's free-conten…

Danish Wikipedia (Dansk Wikipedia) Danish Wikipedia The Danish-language edition of Wikipedia, launched in February 2002. Covers development, structure, community practices, uses and notable features of Dansk Wikipedia.

Deep Web: definition, scope, history, and how it differs from the Dark Web Deep Web An explanatory overview of the Deep Web: what it is, why much content is not indexed, how it differs from darknets and the Dark Web, common uses and security implications.

Default gateway A default gateway is the network node (usually a router) that forwards packets from a local subnet to other networks; hosts use it as the next hop for destinations outside the loca…

Denial-of-Service attack An attack that aims to make a computer service unavailable by overwhelming it with traffic or requests. Types include single-host DoS and distributed DDoS; mitigation requires traf…

Dial-up Internet access Dial-up Dial-up is a method of connecting a computer to the Internet over an analogue telephone line using a modem. It delivered modest speeds (up to about 56 kbps) and was widely used bef…

Digg: Social News Aggregator and Link Curation Platform Digg Digg is a social news aggregator where users submit, vote on, and discuss web links. It helped shape early social bookmarking and viral referral traffic and later evolved toward cu…

Digital divide: access and inequality in information technology Digital divide The digital divide describes gaps in access, skills and use of digital technologies — who can reach and benefit from tools like the internet, mobile phones, computers and Wi‑Fi.

Domain name A domain name is a human-readable internet address that maps to an IP address and identifies websites, email domains and other network services.

Domain Name System (DNS): how it works, components, history, and uses Domain Name System Overview of the Domain Name System (DNS), its structure, common record types, resolution process, history, security considerations, and practical uses.

Download — transferring files and data from remote systems Download Comprehensive overview of downloading: what it is, how it works, common protocols and file types, differences from streaming and uploading, plus security, legal issues, and brief h…

Dutch Low Saxon Wikipedia (Nedersaksisch edition) Dutch Low Saxon Wikipedia The Dutch Low Saxon edition of Wikipedia, begun in 2006, is a volunteer-maintained encyclopedia in Nedersaksisch varieties, focused on regional topics, language documentation and c…

Dutch Wikipedia (Nederlandstalige Wikipedia) Dutch Wikipedia The Dutch-language edition of Wikipedia, created in June 2001. A large, volunteer-produced online encyclopedia in Dutch with over 2,105,000 articles and an active local community.

DVD Talk — online community and resource for home video enthusiasts DVD Talk Independent website founded in 1999 offering news, reviews, technical coverage, release calendars and forums for DVD and home video collectors and viewers.

Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP): Purpose, Operation, and Uses Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol DHCP automates assignment of IP addresses and related network configuration. This article explains how it works, common options, history, administration, boot and security consider…

E-mail (electronic mail): definition, history, structure, and uses E-mail Comprehensive overview of e-mail: what it is, how addresses and protocols work, history, common services and clients, security concerns, spam, and practical uses.

eBay: Online marketplace for auctions and fixed-price sales eBay eBay is a global online marketplace where individuals and businesses buy and sell goods through auctions and fixed-price listings, supported by seller tools, payment options and a…

Egyptian Arabic Wikipedia (Masri) — a dialect edition of Wikipedia Egyptian Arabic Wikipedia The Egyptian Arabic Wikipedia is the Masri-language edition of Wikipedia, begun in 2008 to provide encyclopedia content in the Egyptian colloquial dialect and broaden access for na…

Electronic Frontier Foundation (EFF) Electronic Frontier Foundation The Electronic Frontier Foundation defends civil liberties online. It uses litigation, policy advocacy, public education and technical tools to protect privacy, free expression, en…

English Wikipedia: History, Scope, Size, and Community English Wikipedia Overview of the English Wikipedia: its origin in 2001, growth into the largest encyclopedia by article count, technical editing tools, community structure, related English editions…

Epiphany (GNOME web browser) Epiphany (software) Epiphany is the GNOME web browser focused on a simple interface and tight desktop integration. It has switched from Mozilla's Gecko to WebKit and supports extensions, tabbed browsi…

Esperanto Wikipedia (Vikipedio en Esperanto) Esperanto Wikipedia The Esperanto-language edition of Wikipedia, begun in December 2001. A volunteer-created encyclopedia in Esperanto used for reference, language learning, and documenting culture an…

Estonian Wikipedia The Estonian-language edition of Wikipedia, launched in July 2002. A community-edited online encyclopedia that documents Estonian topics and general knowledge; surpassed 200,000 ar…

Exalead — French search engine and enterprise search platform Exalead Exalead is a French search technology company known for web and enterprise search, visual result previews, faceted refinement and tools for indexing, discovery and analytics.

Exede — consumer satellite broadband service by Viasat Exede Exede is Viasat's consumer satellite Internet service introduced in 2012, offering broadband access via the ViaSat-1 high‑capacity satellite to rural and hard‑to‑serve areas in the…

Facebook: overview, history, features, and cultural impact Facebook Facebook is a major social networking service founded in 2004 that connects users through profiles, News Feed, messaging and Pages; it has influenced online communication, advertis…

Favicon: small website icons and their purpose Favicon A favicon is a small icon associated with a website or webpage that browsers show in tabs, address bars, bookmarks and mobile home screens. This article explains formats, history,…