What is an overture?
Q: What is an overture?
A: An overture is a piece of music for the orchestra to play at the beginning of an opera or ballet. The word comes from the French word for "opening" because it "opens" the show. Overtures usually have tunes which are going to be heard during the opera or ballet, and they are used to prepare the audience for what is to come.
Q: How did composers use overtures in 18th century?
A: In the 18th century, many overtures were simply background music to get the audience's attention (people used to chatter during performances). Some composers like Gioacchino Rossini (1792-1868) used the same overture again and again for his next operas, or just changed bits of it.
Q: How did some later composers approach writing overtures?
A: Composers like Christoph Willibald Gluck and later Richard Wagner (1813-1883) were very careful to make the overture a dramatic beginning which prepared the audience for the story. Wagner often called his overtures "Vorspiel" (Prelude).
Q: Did all composers write overtures?
A: Not all composers wrote overtures to their operas. Giuseppe Verdi (1813-1901) and Giacomo Puccini (1858-1924) often go straight into the first act or they just have a very short prelude.
Q: What type of pieces did Romantic composers write in 19th century?
A: In 19th century many Romantic composers wrote concert overtures. These pieces did not belong to any opera or ballet, they were just written to be heard at concerts. They often had a descriptive title because they told some sort of story, e.g., Felix Mendelssohn (1809-1847) wrote an overture "Fingal's Cave" which describes sea coming into cave in Inner Hebrides islands. Sometimes these descriptive pieces were much longer than an ordinary overutre so they were called tone poems instead.
Q: What form do most Overtures take?
A: Most Overtures are usually played in sonata form
