Jammu and Kashmir was the northmost state of India. The state covered 138,200 square miles (357,936.4 km2) and is mostly in the Himalayan mountains. Jammu and Kashmir used to be a British protectorate in 1860. Jammu and Kashmir borderd the states of Himachal Pradesh and Punjab to the south-east and south respectively. The other parts of state are administered by Pakistan as Azad Jammu and Kashmir and Gilgit-Baltistan.
Jammu and Kashmir has been a subject of dispute between India and Pakistan since 1947, and China since 1962.