An iconostasis is a decorated screen or wall of icons found in Eastern Christian liturgical architecture. Its primary function is to separate the nave used by the faithful from the sanctuary (the altar area) used by the clergy. The word combines Greek elements for "image" and "standing," and the structure is central to the visual and ritual life of the Eastern Orthodox and many Eastern Catholic communities.

Structure and common elements

Forms vary by region and period, but typical components include a central set of doors and multiple rows or tiers of icons. Elements commonly found are:

  • Royal (Holy) Doors: the central doors through which clergy enter the sanctuary.
  • Deacon's Doors: smaller side doors used during services.
  • Primary icons: images of Christ and the Theotokos (Mother of God) usually flank the central doors; other panels depict feast days and saints.
  • Tiers: many iconostases have stacked rows showing gospel scenes, apostles, prophets or a Deesis (Christ enthroned with intercessors).

Origins and development

The iconostasis developed from earlier barriers such as the Byzantine templon. Over centuries it evolved into a fully icon-covered screen in many Slavic and Greek churches. Regional styles differ: some traditions favor a low screen, while others—especially in Russian practice—create a full-height, multi-tiered wall.

Function and meaning

Beyond practical separation, the iconostasis has symbolic and didactic roles. It marks the boundary between the visible world and the sanctuary where the mysteries of the Eucharist are performed, yet its icons make the saints and biblical events present for worshippers. The opening and closing of the doors and the display of specific icons follow the sequence of the liturgy and help instruct the faithful.

Distinctions and notable facts

The iconostasis differs from Western rood screens by its extensive painted program of icons rather than sculptural figures; it is also often richly carved, gilt, or painted. It appears in Eastern Orthodox and many Eastern Catholic churches, and variants occur in some Oriental Orthodox contexts. For further images and terminology see icons, the role of the Eastern Orthodox Church in shaping the form, and the liturgical sanctuary it frames.