Wheatland County is a county in the U.S. state of Montana. As recorded by the 2010 United States Census, the county had 2,168 residents. Its county seat is Harlowton, a small town that serves as the administrative and service center for the surrounding rural area.
Overview and setting
Wheatland County occupies a sparsely populated portion of Montana characterized by open plains, rolling coulees and patches of mixed grass. The region experiences a continental, semi‑arid climate with cold winters and warm summers. Low population density and expansive private and public lands shape the county’s rural character.
Economy and land use
The local economy is dominated by agricultural activities and ranching. Wheat and other cereal grains, along with cattle grazing, have traditionally been important uses of the land. Small businesses and public services in towns such as Harlowton provide employment and supplies to the wider farming and ranching community.
History and community
Before Euro‑American settlement, the area was used seasonally by Indigenous peoples. Later settlement followed transportation routes and the arrival of rail infrastructure in nearby corridors; small towns grew up to support agriculture and resource development. Community life centers on schools, volunteer organizations and county institutions located in Harlowton.
Recreation, governance and notable facts
Outdoor recreation opportunities include hunting, fishing, hiking and scenic driving across wide landscapes. Governance is handled by an elected county commission and municipal officials in the incorporated towns. Wheatland County’s small population and agricultural heritage make it representative of many rural counties on the Northern Plains.