Overview

A hose is a flexible tube designed to transport liquids or gases from one location to another. Hoses are commonly called tubing or, in some contexts, pipes, but they are typically distinct because of their flexibility and intended uses. For a basic definition see related reference.

Design and components

Most hoses have three primary layers: an inner lining compatible with the conveyed medium, one or more reinforcement layers to resist pressure and stretching, and an outer cover that protects against abrasion and sunlight. Fittings and couplings attach hoses to equipment; common connectors include barbed, threaded and quick-connect types. Hoses carry both fluids and gases; compatibility notes and fluid charts are often provided by manufacturers (fluid guidance).

Materials and characteristics

Materials range from natural rubber and synthetic elastomers to PVC, polyurethane, silicone and metal braid assemblies. Selection depends on pressure rating, temperature range, chemical resistance and flexibility. Some hoses are optimized for compressed air or gases, while others are intended for fuels, coolants or potable water — see industry specifications for gas-handling hoses via technical sources.

Types and common uses

  • Garden hoses: low pressure, general watering and cleaning.
  • Hydraulic hoses: high-pressure oil transmission used in machinery.
  • Air hoses: for pneumatic tools and compressors.
  • Fire hoses: large-diameter, high-flow firefighting lines.
  • Automotive hoses: coolant, fuel and vacuum lines.

In some contexts the words hose and pipe are used interchangeably; industry guidance clarifies when to use flexible hose versus rigid pipe.

History, maintenance and safety

Flexible hoses evolved with industrialization and advanced rapidly in the 20th century as synthetic polymers and reinforced constructions appeared. Routine maintenance—inspection for cracks, leaks, abrasions and secure fittings—is essential. Follow pressure ratings, avoid kinking, and replace hoses exposed to incompatible chemicals or temperatures. Manufacturer manuals and safety standards provide detailed operating limits and testing procedures (standards).

Notable distinctions: hoses are typically flexible, often temporary or portable, and specified by inner diameter and pressure rating; tubes and pipes may be rigid or manufactured to tighter dimensional tolerances.