Apocrypha: books outside or variably included in Biblical canons Apocrypha Apocrypha are religious writings that some Christian traditions include in their Bibles and others omit. This article explains their meaning, contents, history, and the differences…
Bethel — ancient Hebrew city (Beit El) and its historical significance Bethel Bethel (Hebrew Beit El, “House of God”) is an ancient city mentioned in the Hebrew Bible, traditionally located in the central hill country of what is now the West Bank, with long…
Book of Amos Concise article on the Book of Amos: historical setting, structure, major themes of justice and judgment, key passages, and its influence in religious and social thought.
Book of Esther A biblical book in the Hebrew Bible and Christian Old Testament that recounts how Esther and Mordecai averted a plot against the Jews in Persia; it is the foundation for the festiv…
Book of Habakkuk: Overview, Themes, Historical Context, and Influence Book of Habakkuk A concise encyclopedia entry on the Book of Habakkuk: its structure, themes (justice, faith, divine sovereignty), historical setting, notable verses, and its reception in Jewish an…
Book of Hosea Overview of the Book of Hosea: an 8th-century BCE prophetic text in the Hebrew Bible and Christian Old Testament, its marriage allegory, structure, themes of covenant, idolatry, ju…
Book of Joshua: overview, structure, themes, and historical context Book of Joshua An encyclopedic overview of the Book of Joshua: its narrative, composition theories, major themes, sections, historical questions, and its role in Judaism and Christianity.
Book of Ruth Short narrative in the Hebrew Bible and Old Testament telling of Ruth, a Moabite woman whose loyalty leads to inclusion in Israel’s line; noted for themes of loyalty, kinship, and…
Books of Chronicles Overview of the First and Second Books of Chronicles: composition, themes, historical context, differences from Samuel and Kings, and their role in post‑exilic Jewish identity.
Burning Bush (biblical event and symbol) Burning bush A shrub described in Exodus that burned without being consumed; it announced God's call to Moses and has been interpreted theologically, symbolically, botanically, and culturally a…