Schinus areira — pepper tree (Anacardiaceae)

Description

Leaves are pinnate, composed of several lance-shaped leaflets with a characteristic aromatic scent when crushed. Bark becomes fissured with age. Flowering is followed by clusters of pepper-like berries; these are not true pepper but are smooth-skinned drupes. The tree tolerates a range of soils and withstands pruning and urban conditions, which contributes to its use in landscaping.

Distribution and ecology

Native to parts of South America, Schinus areira has been widely introduced outside its natural range as an ornamental. In some regions it has naturalized and behaves invasively, especially where birds disperse seed into disturbed habitats, riparian zones and roadsides. It can form dense stands that compete with native vegetation.

Uses and concerns

Uses include shade trees, windbreaks and ornamental avenues. Caution is advised because sap and fruit of many Schinus species can cause allergic skin reactions or respiratory sensitivity in susceptible individuals. Berries of related species have occasionally been marketed as "pink peppercorns," but such uses have prompted regulatory scrutiny and should be treated cautiously.

Management and identification

• Control where invasive typically combines removal of seedlings, cutting and treating stumps, and preventing fruiting.
• Schinus areira can be confused with S. molle (Peruvian pepper tree) or S. terebinthifolius (Brazilian pepper); differences occur in leaf shape, fruit clusters and growth habit.