Overview
The Province of Matera is an administrative area in southern Basilicata, in Italy. Its principal city, Matera, is world-famous for the Sassi—prehistoric cave dwellings carved into the limestone—and for its layered cultural heritage that spans prehistory to the present. The province forms one of the main territorial units of the Basilicata region and includes both inland plateaus and a stretch of Ionian coastline.
Geography and landscape
Terrain in the province ranges from the karstic Murgia plateau, with its deep ravines and rocky outcrops, to the low coastal plains along the Ionian Sea. The area is characterized by dry-stone terraces, scattered oak and olive groves, and river valleys that open into fertile plains used for agriculture. Sharp gullies known locally as "gravine" cut the landscape around Matera and contribute to the region's dramatic scenery.
History and cultural significance
Human presence in the Matera area dates back to prehistoric times; the cave settlements were continuously occupied for millennia. In the 20th century, living conditions in the Sassi prompted a large-scale relocation of inhabitants, followed later by restoration and revival. Matera's unique urban fabric earned international recognition as a UNESCO World Heritage Site, and the city has served as a backdrop for international films, as well as holding the title of European Capital of Culture in recent years.
Economy, cuisine, and tourism
Agriculture remains an important economic base, with olives, vineyards, cereals and horticulture prominent on the plains and terraces. Tourism centered on cultural heritage, gastronomy and film-induced interest complements local industry. Typical regional cuisine features simple, rustic dishes that highlight bread, legumes, cheeses, olive oil and seasonal vegetables, reflecting a long rural tradition.
Administration and main towns
The province comprises a number of municipalities, combining historic hill towns and coastal communities. Notable towns and centers include:
- Matera (the capital and cultural heart)
- Policoro (near the Ionian coast and archaeological sites)
- Pisticci and Metaponto (with agricultural and coastal features)
- Montescaglioso, Grassano and Ferrandina (historic inland communes)
Access and notable facts
Visitors reach the province by regional roads and rail links connecting to larger southern cities; nearby airports and ports in adjacent regions provide wider national and international connections. The Province of Matera is distinguished by its combination of ancient human settlement, varied natural environments and a revived urban landscape that blends archaeological value with contemporary cultural life.
For further civic and visitor information consult local authorities and tourism resources: Provincial information, regional portals such as Basilicata resources, general regional introductions at Basilicata and country-level guides at Italy.