Overview
The kuruş (Ottoman Turkish: غروش, gurûş) is the standard subdivision of the modern Turkish lira. In the post-2005 currency system one new Turkish lira equals 100 kuruş. The name is historically linked to European and Middle Eastern coinage and has been used in various forms across centuries of Ottoman and Turkish monetary history.
Origins and historical development
The word kuruş is derived from the German term Groschen, reflecting long-standing connections between Ottoman and European currency names. The kuruş was first introduced as a silver coin in the late 17th century (commonly dated to 1688) and later evolved in value and composition as empires and modern states reformed their monetary systems. Over time it shifted from a principal silver denomination to a fractional unit beneath larger coins.
Modern usage and value
After the 2005 re-denomination of Turkish currency the new Turkish lira was defined so that 1 lira = 100 kuruş. The kuruş is used in pricing, receipts and cash transactions alongside the lira, and it is the unit commonly shown for amounts smaller than one lira. For background on the broader money system see Turkish currency and details about the lira at Turkish lira.
Denominations and circulation
Contemporary Turkish coinage includes several kuruş denominations that circulate for everyday payments. Typical coins include:
- 1 kuruş
- 5 kuruş
- 10 kuruş
- 25 kuruş
- 50 kuruş
- 1 Turkish lira (100 kuruş)
These coins vary in size and metal composition and are produced by the national mint for use in commerce, vending machines and banking.
Notable facts and distinctions
The kuruş should not be confused with similar-sounding units in other countries, though related terms such as qirsh or ghurush appear in Arabic-speaking regions. Its long history links Ottoman monetary practice with European coinage terminology, reflecting cultural and economic exchange across centuries.