Korean Peninsula

Geography and natural features

Much of the peninsula is mountainous, especially along an interior spine that influences river flow and weather. Major rivers and coastal features have been important for transport and agriculture; notable waterways and ranges include:

• Mountain ranges: the Taebaek and Sobaek chains run near the east coast.
• Rivers: northern rivers form parts of the border while the Han River drains the western lowlands.
• Coastline: indented with bays and islands that support fishing and ports.

History and division

The peninsula has a long premodern history of unified kingdoms and shared language and culture. After World War II it was divided along occupation zones, and following the Korean War (1950–1953) it became separated into two states. Both the Democratic People's Republic of Korea and the Republic of Korea claim sovereignty over the whole peninsula; today the boundary is a heavily guarded demilitarized zone.

Politics, culture and significance

Politically the area is governed by North Korea and South Korea, two states with different systems and international relationships. Culturally the peninsula shares language, traditional customs, and modern cultural exports that have global reach. Its strategic location and modern industrial and technological roles give the peninsula outsized geopolitical importance.

For further general information about the peninsula as a geographic feature, see the entry on "peninsula" and related regional surveys.