Andrew Mokete Mlangeni (6 June 1925 – 21 July 2020) was a South African political activist and long-serving member of the African National Congress. He is best known as one of the defendants in the Rivonia Trial and for spending decades in detention for his role in the anti-apartheid struggle. Born in Soweto, his life spanned the era of apartheid, the long campaign for liberation and the transition to democratic governance.
Early life and political involvement
Mlangeni grew up in the urban communities around Johannesburg and entered public life at a time when many Black South Africans were mobilising against racially repressive laws. Like other activists of his generation, he combined community work with trade union and ANC activity. Details of his early employment and organisational roles reflect the broader patterns of anti-apartheid mobilisation in mid-20th century South Africa.
Rivonia Trial and imprisonment
In 1963–1964 Mlangeni was arrested and charged alongside leading members of the ANC. At the Rivonia Trial he was convicted and sentenced to life imprisonment, a sentence he served largely on Robben Island. His fellow defendants included nationally recognised figures such as Nelson Mandela and others who became symbols of resistance:
- Nelson Mandela
- Walter Sisulu
- Govan Mbeki
- Ahmed Kathrada
- Elias Motsoaledi
During incarceration Mlangeni joined the community of political prisoners who maintained political education, legal study and mutual support under difficult conditions. That community later played a key role in shaping post-apartheid leadership and institutions.
Release, political career and later life
Released in the late 1980s, Mlangeni resumed public life as South Africa moved toward negotiation and democratic elections. He served as a member of parliament for the African National Congress following the first democratic elections in 1994 and held his seat until 1999. In later years he was regarded as an elder statesman, participating in commemorations, public speaking and efforts to preserve the memory of the liberation struggle.
Legacy and death
Mlangeni died on 21 July 2020 in a military hospital in Pretoria from complications described as an intestinal blockage. He was 95. He is remembered for his steadfastness during imprisonment, his role in the anti-apartheid movement and his service in the early years of South Africa's democracy. For further reading on the trial, the island prison and the broader movement see resources on the Rivonia Trial, Robben Island and the history of the anti-apartheid struggle.