Companies

News agency: function, history, and role in modern media News agency An overview of news agencies: what they are, how they gather and distribute content, their history, principal types, major international agencies, and how they adapt to digital med…

News Corp: overview of the 2013 publishing-focused media company News Corp News Corp is a 2013 spin-off from the original News Corporation that focuses on newspapers, book publishing and other print and digital media assets across several countries.

News Corporation (News Corp.): overview, history, assets and 2013 breakup News Corporation News Corporation was a global media conglomerate founded by Rupert Murdoch in 1979, reorganized under U.S. law in 2004 and split in 2013 into 21st Century Fox and a new News Corp f…

NewsBank — global news and archival database provider NewsBank NewsBank is a commercial aggregator of newspapers, magazines, government records and historical collections, provided to libraries and institutions for research, genealogy and medi…

Nexon Corporation Nexon Nexon is a South Korean video game developer and publisher known for pioneering free-to-play online games and long-running MMORPGs, with notable titles and a global publishing netw…

Nickelodeon Animation Studio American television animation studio owned by Paramount Global, responsible for landmark children's series, development pipelines, and cross-media franchises for the Nickelodeon ne…

Nike: Greek goddess and global sportswear company Nike Nike is both the ancient Greek personification of victory and a major international sports apparel and footwear company, known for iconic branding, product innovations and broad cu…

Nintendo: Japanese video game pioneer, consoles, and iconic franchises Nintendo Nintendo is a Kyoto-based entertainment company that began with playing cards and became a leading maker of video games, consoles like Game Boy, DS, Wii and Switch, and characters…

Nintendo Entertainment Analysis & Development (EAD): History, Notable Games, and Legacy Nintendo Entertainment Analysis & Development History, key games, and legacy of Nintendo Entertainment Analysis & Development (EAD), the Kyoto-based studio behind flagship titles like Super Mario 64 and The Legend of Zelda: Oc…

Nintendo Research & Development 1 (R&D1) Nintendo Research & Development 1 Nintendo R&D1 was the company’s first internal development unit, known for handheld innovations and game series such as Metroid and WarioWare, and for a pragmatic design philosophy…

Nippon Yusen (NYK Line) — Japanese global shipping and logistics company Nippon Yusen Nippon Yusen (NYK Line) is a major Japanese shipping and logistics corporation, part of the Mitsubishi group, operating worldwide in container shipping, bulk, car transport, tanker…

Nissan Motor Company Overview of Nissan Motor Company, a major Japanese automaker: history, brands, product range (cars, trucks, buses), Renault–Nissan–Mitsubishi alliance, electrification and global o…

No Frills (Canada): Loblaw's Discount Supermarket Chain No Frills No Frills (nofrills) is Loblaw's Canadian discount supermarket chain, launched in East York in 1978; a value-focused banner offering basic groceries and reduced-price household ite…

Noble Energy — U.S. oil and natural gas exploration and production company Noble Energy Overview of Noble Energy, its evolution from Noble Affiliates, global operations, major projects and corporate changes including its drilling spin‑off and later corporate developme…

Nokia Corporation Nokia Finnish multinational telecommunications company headquartered in Espoo, known for mobile phones, network equipment, Nokia Bell Labs and shifting role from handset maker to 5G infr…

Nordstrom: American luxury department store chain Nordstrom Nordstrom is a U.S.-founded department store chain known for shoes, fashion, beauty and customer service, with full-price and off-price divisions and an omnichannel retail model.

Norma — European discount supermarket chain Norma (supermarket) Norma is a German-founded discount supermarket chain (est. 1964) operating over 1,300 stores across several European countries under the Norma and Norma‑Rodi brands.

Nortel: Canadian telecommunications giant — rise, products, collapse and legacy Nortel Nortel was a leading Canadian telecommunications equipment maker founded in 1895 that grew into a major global technology company before collapsing into bankruptcy in 2009; its fai…

North British Locomotive Company A major Scottish locomotive manufacturer formed in 1903 by the merger of three firms, based in Glasgow, notable for large-scale steam production, global exports and a mid-20th cent…

North Eastern Railway (UK) — history, network and legacy North Eastern Railway (UK) Overview of the North Eastern Railway (NER), a major 19th–20th century British railway company serving north‑east England; formation, operations, 1923 grouping, and its surviving E…

North Midland Railway (England) North Midland Railway 19th-century British railway company that opened a main line from Derby via Rotherham (Masborough) to Leeds in 1840; influential in linking Midlands industry with Yorkshire and lat…

North Star Computers Overview of North Star Computers, an early microcomputer and floppy-disk equipment maker known for the Horizon, Advantage and Dimension systems and their disk controller and DOS wo…

Northern (Arriva Rail North) Northern (train operating company) Northern was the trading name of Arriva Rail North, the train operator for the Northern franchise in England from April 2016 until early 2020, running local and regional services a…

Northern Rail (Serco‑Abellio): regional train operator in Northern England, 2004–2016 Northern Rail (Serco-Abellio) Northern Rail was a Serco‑Abellio joint‑venture that ran local and regional passenger services across Northern England from December 2004 until March 2016, when the franchise passe…

Northwest Airlines — History, Operations, Hubs, and Merger Northwest Airlines Comprehensive overview of Northwest Airlines: a former major U.S. carrier known for transpacific routes, cargo operations, hubs in Detroit/Minneapolis/Memphis, Chapter 11 reorganiz…

Norwegian Air Shuttle (Norwegian) — low-cost carrier from Norway Norwegian Air Shuttle Norwegian Air Shuttle (Norwegian) is a Norwegian low-cost airline headquartered in Bærum, near Oslo. It operates short-haul routes across Europe and is known for its red-nosed plan…

Nova Bus Nova Bus is a North American manufacturer of heavy-duty transit buses, known for low-floor designs and models inherited from earlier GM/MCI lines; it builds vehicles at plants in Q…

Novell — enterprise networking, identity and Linux solutions Novell Overview of Novell, the U.S.-based software company known for NetWare, SUSE Linux Enterprise, identity and systems-management products, and its role in developing Utah's software i…

Nu-Venture: Local Bus Services in Aylesford, Kent Nu-Venture Nu-Venture is a local bus operator based in Aylesford, Kent, England. This article outlines the typical services, role in local transport, regulatory context, and how small operato…

Nuclear Blast — German heavy metal record label Nuclear Blast Independent German label founded in 1987 by Markus Staiger, focused on heavy metal and related genres; notable for signing many influential metal acts and promoting the scene world…

Nvidia Corporation Nvidia American technology company known for designing GPUs, system-on-chips, and software platforms widely used in gaming, professional graphics, data centers, and artificial intelligenc…

NWA Wildside: Georgia regional wrestling promotion (1999–2005) NWA Wildside Regional American professional wrestling promotion based in Cornelia, Georgia. Operated as an NWA affiliate from 1999 to 2005, known for weekly television, talent development and g…

Obsidian Entertainment American video game developer founded in 2003 by former Black Isle staff, known for narrative-driven role-playing games such as Knights of the Old Republic II, Fallout: New Vegas,…

Oldsmobile: American automobile marque Oldsmobile Oldsmobile was a pioneering American automobile brand founded by Ransom E. Olds, later part of General Motors. It produced influential models from the early 20th century until its…

Olive Garden: American Italian-American Casual Dining Chain Olive Garden Olive Garden is a U.S.-based casual dining restaurant chain serving Italian-American fare, founded in Orlando in 1982 and known for its breadsticks, salad, and family-style portion…

Omega SA — Swiss watchmaker known for precision and iconic collections Omega SA Omega SA is a Swiss luxury watch manufacturer founded in the 19th century, noted for the Speedmaster Moonwatch, Seamaster divers, precision timing at international sports and a pla…

ONEOK: U.S. Midstream Energy Company Specializing in Natural Gas and NGLs ONEOK ONEOK is a Tulsa-based Fortune 200 midstream energy company (NYSE: OKE) operating natural gas and natural gas liquids pipelines, processing, storage and related services across the…

Opel (Adam Opel AG): German automobile manufacturer Opel Opel (Adam Opel AG) is a long-established German car maker founded in 1862, headquartered in Rüsselsheim. Known for models like the Astra and Corsa, it was long part of General Mot…

Oracle Corporation Oracle Corporation is a multinational technology company known for its database software, enterprise applications and cloud infrastructure. It grew through product development and…

Orange Studio — French film and television production arm of Orange S.A. Orange Studio Orange Studio (formerly Studio 37) is Orange S.A.'s production and investment unit for French and European feature films and series, supporting development, financing, co‑productio…

Oriental Telephone Company A late 19th‑century corporate vehicle associated with Alexander Graham Bell to manufacture, license and promote telephone technology in Asia and other eastern markets.

Oscilloscope Laboratories Independent film company combining distribution, production and a recording studio; founded by Adam Yauch and David Fenkel, known for releasing eclectic documentaries, art-house an…

Other Ocean Interactive — American video game developer and contract studio Other Ocean Interactive Profile of Other Ocean Interactive, an Emeryville, California game developer founded in 2006 that produces original titles and provides porting and contract development services, i…

Pacific Data Images (PDI): Pioneer of Computer Animation Pacific Data Images Pacific Data Images (PDI) was an early American computer animation studio, founded in 1980. It produced commercials, visual effects and feature animation and later operated as PDI/…

Pakistan International Airlines Pakistan International Airlines (PIA) is the national flag carrier of Pakistan, based in Karachi. It operates domestic and international passenger and cargo services and has underg…

Pan American World Airways (Pan Am): History, Innovations and Legacy Pan American World Airways Pan American World Airways was a pioneering U.S. international airline known for its Clippers, jet-age leadership and global image; business pressures and the Lockerbie bombing con…

Panasonic Corporation Panasonic Panasonic Corporation is a Japanese multinational electronics company founded in 1918. It designs and manufactures consumer electronics, appliances, industrial systems, batteries a…

Panda Express (American Chinese fast-food chain) Panda Express Panda Express is a U.S.-founded quick-service restaurant chain known for American-style Chinese dishes, signature items like Orange Chicken, and widespread presence in malls, groce…